Episode 83A - Is very high carb a thing now? | Aitor Viribay
Nov 14, 2024
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Aitor Viribay, Lead of Human Science at Ineos Grenadiers Pro Cycling Team, dives deep into the high-carb trend in endurance sports. He explains the science behind consuming over 100g of carbs per hour and challenges traditional nutritional guidelines. Aitor discusses when these high carb intakes are beneficial versus unnecessary, and he highlights the importance of personalized nutrition for athletes. The conversation also touches on how social media and innovative products are reshaping carbohydrate strategies in endurance training.
The trend toward very high carbohydrate intake in endurance sports, exceeding 100 grams per hour, stems from advancements in nutritional science and athlete performance demands.
Gut training has become essential for athletes to adapt their digestive systems to higher carbohydrate intakes, mitigating gastrointestinal discomfort during competitions.
Carbohydrate intake strategies must be context-driven, varying between different training sessions to optimize performance while minimizing digestive issues.
Deep dives
The Rise of High Carbohydrate Intakes
Recent years have seen a notable trend among endurance athletes toward very high carbohydrate intake, often exceeding 100 grams per hour. This shift is attributed to various factors, including advancements in nutritional research, the emergence of effective sports nutrition products, and a greater emphasis on athlete testing and personalized nutrition strategies. As competitive racing intensifies, particularly in cycling and triathlons, the physiological demands on elite athletes have evolved, necessitating higher carbohydrate consumption to support their performance. Consequently, the increasing speed and power outputs observed in cycling are requiring athletes to explore carbohydrate intakes that surpass the previously established guidelines.
Scientific Rationale and Historical Context
The historical context of carbohydrate intake in endurance sports reveals a gradual shift in understanding metabolic requirements. Previously, general guidelines suggested a maximum intake of around 90 grams per hour, but recent practices in elite cycling and endurance events have surpassed those figures significantly. Research focused on the physiological capabilities of elite athletes indicates that the metabolic demands of these athletes are not consistently reflected in existing guidelines, which may have been based on lower-performing populations. This mismatch has spurred a reevaluation of carbohydrate strategies to enhance performance, leading to intense research and discussion among nutritionists and sports scientists.
Gut Training as a Strategy
Gut training has emerged as a critical component in enabling athletes to tolerate higher carbohydrate amounts during exercise. Athletes are encouraged to gradually increase their carbohydrate intake during training sessions to prepare their digestive systems for higher intakes in competitive environments. This approach addresses the challenges associated with gastrointestinal discomfort that can arise from consuming large quantities of carbohydrates while exercising. By enhancing gut capacity and absorption, athletes can optimize their fuel availability during prolonged efforts, thereby improving their overall performance.
Individual Needs and Performance Levels
The necessity for high carbohydrate intake is heavily contingent on an athlete's performance level and the duration and intensity of their exercise. Elite athletes, particularly those competing in high-intensity or prolonged events, may find that intakes exceeding 120 grams per hour are beneficial, while recreational athletes generally do not require such levels. For many, efficient performance can be achieved with lower intake levels, particularly for shorter or less intense training sessions. Understanding the interplay between an athlete's unique energy expenditure and carbohydrate needs is crucial for optimizing nutritional strategies.
The Need for Contextual Carbohydrate Strategies
Context is paramount when deciding carbohydrate intake strategies for endurance athletes, as different training sessions necessitate varying levels of fuel. Some workouts, such as long, steady-state rides, may not require high carbohydrate levels, while high-intensity interval sessions would benefit from increased intake. Athletes must learn to utilize a toolkit of fueling strategies tailored to specific training goals throughout the week. This nuanced approach allows them to avoid gastrointestinal distress while ensuring they have adequate carbohydrate reserves to support peak performance during critical sessions.
You’ve probably come across discussions in the last year or so about the ‘high carb trend’ - taking very large amounts of carbohydrate during exercise, often well over 100g per hour. These levels are significantly greater than official sports nutrition guidelines, so what’s behind the trend? Is it based on new science, product marketing, or is it just another fad that will come and eventually go? And most importantly, is it relevant to you?
In this episode we speak to the Lead of Human Science at the Ineos Grenadiers Pro Cycling Team, Aitor Viribay, who has also worked with some of the biggest names in ultra trail running. He discusses how, when and why these very high carb intakes have become a thing in recent years, the scientific rationale behind it, when it’s used vs when it’s not, and whether non-professional athletes need to worry about these levels of intake.
Viribay, A et al. (2020). Effects of 120 g/h of Carbohydrates Intake during a Mountain Marathon on Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage in Elite Runners. Nutrients. 12(5):1367. DOI: 10.3390/nu12051367
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Fueling Endurance eBook:
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