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Euthyphro's Shocking Case
- Euthyphro arrives to prosecute his own father for causing a servant's death, claiming piety as his motive.
- Socrates is astonished because turning in one's parent was socially shocking in their culture.
Divine Disagreement Problem
- Euthyphro first defines piety as prosecuting wrongdoers, then revises to "what is dear to the gods."
- This exposes the problem that gods disagree, so divine approval can't ground an absolute piety.
The Euthyphro Dilemma
- Socrates frames the core dilemma: are things loved by gods because they are holy or holy because gods love them?
- This reveals a circularity that undermines defining piety solely by divine approval.