Cobalt mining in the Congo is essential for rechargeable batteries in our electronic devices, but it leads to immense suffering and exploitation of workers.
The history of exploitation in the Congo, from King Leopold II to Patrice Lumumba, highlights the ongoing cycle of resource seizure and poverty in the region.
Deep dives
The horrors of cobalt mining in the Congo
Cobalt mining in the Congo has led to immense suffering and violence. Workers, including many teenage boys, operate in toxic and dangerous conditions without safety equipment. They are forced to meet crushing quotas of cobalt production, earning just a few dollars a day. The cobalt extracted from these mines is essential for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries, which are used in our smartphones, tablets, laptops, and electric vehicles. Meanwhile, the people of Congo, who reside above the cobalt-rich ground, endure poverty and exploitation as their resources are seized and profited from by Western corporations.
The history of exploitation in the Congo
The cycle of exploitation in the Congo traces back to the late 19th century when King Leopold II of Belgium established the Congo Free State as his personal colony. Under Leopold's rule, rubber and ivory were forcefully extracted from the land, resulting in mass suffering and the depopulation of the Congo. The atrocities committed during this time led to the first major human rights scandal of the 20th century. Despite the eventual handover of Congo to the Belgian government, the exploitation of its resources continued, and subsequent leaders, such as Mobutu Sese Seko, maintained a legacy of poor governance and corruption.
The struggle for Congolese independence
Patrice Lumumba, the democratically elected Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of Congo, fought for independence and sought to control Congo's resources for the benefit of its people. However, Lumumba's visions clashed with the interests of foreign powers, particularly during the Cold War. As he sought to assert Congo's control over its natural resources, such as uranium, Lumumba faced opposition. He was overthrown, captured, tortured, and assassinated, leading to decades of authoritarian rule under leaders like Mobutu.
The impact of cobalt mining on the Congo today
Today, the demand for cobalt continues to soar due to the rise of rechargeable electronics and electric vehicles. This demand has devastating consequences for the people living in cobalt-rich areas of the Congo. Big mining companies displace local populations and exploit them for cheap labor in hazardous conditions. Workers receive minimal wages while enduring health risks. The cycle of economic pillage and poverty persists, but Siddharth Kara and others hold hope that the awareness of these horrors will inspire champions who will bring about meaningful change and justice for the people of the Congo.
It's hot. A mother works outside, a baby strapped to her back. The two of them breathe in toxic dust, day after day. And they're just two of thousands, cramped so close together it's hard to move, all facing down the mountain of cobalt stone.
Cobalt mining is one of the world's most dangerous jobs. And it's also one of the most essential: cobalt is what powers the batteries in your smartphone, your laptop, the electric car you felt good about buying. More than three-quarters of the world's cobalt supply lies in the Democratic Republic of Congo, whose abundant resources have drawn greed and grifters for centuries. Today on the show: the fight for control of those resources, and for the dignity of the people who produce them.