Dr. M. D. Usher discusses ancient Cynicism, its training program, and living in accordance with nature. Topics include rejecting societal norms, parallels with Socrates, modern cynics, and the connection between stoicism and cynicism. Exploring the spectrum of cynicism, Diogenes' wake-up call, and the philosophy of the cynic life. Comparing Nietzsche's cynicism, the role of stand-up comedians in social critique, and the active lifestyle of ancient cynics.

Caleb and Michael discuss the movie '300' and its portrayal of Spartan stoic virtues. They explore themes of sacrifice, resilience, and redefining victory. The podcast delves into philosophy, Spartan ideals, steelmanning, and the roles of women in ancient Spartan society.

Stoicism expert Scott Aikin defends a revisionary Stoicism. They discuss fatalism, dichotomy of control, skepticism, and determinism. They question the extent of Scott's revisions and delve into the ruin problem of Stoicism. The importance of understanding different traditions and the role of Stoic physics in grounding ethics are explored.

The podcast discusses the objection to Stoicism and the challenge of living by Stoic principles in extreme situations. They explore whether achieving the ideal Stoic sage is possible and the practicality of Stoicism. They also talk about the importance of interpretation in shaping experiences, attaining sagehood, and understanding one's own limits in practicing Stoicism.

Brittany Polat joins Caleb to discuss Stoic compassion and cultivating deeper connections. Topics include becoming more compassionate, the abundance mindset, friendship, forgiving others and oneself, and the importance of practice and meditation. They explore various Stoic practices, such as perspective-taking exercises, gratitude, and self-accountability. The role of patience and meditation in making long-term improvements is highlighted, along with exercises for shifting perspective and incorporating physical techniques in Stoic practice.

Seneca's letter on ethics debates the usefulness of rules in Stoicism. The hosts discuss arguments for and against rules, the limitations of rules in Stoic philosophy, and the importance of managing impressions. They also explore the role of rules in moral development and the importance of internalizing Stoic philosophy.

Delve into Stoic history and the life of Epictetus. Discover philosophy in ancient Rome and Epictetus's students. Explore the challenges of popularizing Stoicism and the value of authentic understanding. Learn about Nicopolis, dissemination of Stoicism, and the popularity of Epictetus' Handbook.

Dive into why Socrates is revered by Stoics, the link between Stoicism and Socrates' philosophy, and the importance of character and self-knowledge. Explore the Socratic method and the concept of virtue as knowledge. Discover the differences and similarities in philosophy between Socrates and the Stoics.

William O Stephens, Author of 'Encheiridion': A New Translation and Guide to Stoic Ethics, discusses the 6 core themes of Stoicism including self-control, seeing things as they are, living in accordance with nature, role ethics, how virtue depends on knowledge, and how Stoicism is aspirational.

Stoa Conversations recap their 2023 highlights discussing stoic psychology, voluntary suffering, anger management, and the Stoic God. They shoutout key guests like Randolph Nesse, Julia Galef, and Chris Gill. The hosts share insights and plans for upcoming episodes.