Conservatives employ perversity thesis to argue against change leading to adverse outcomes.
Futility thesis suggests reform efforts are futile due to natural laws or orders.
Jeopardy thesis warns progressive aims may endanger past achievements like liberty and democracy.
Deep dives
Conservative Rhetoric: Perversity, Futility, and Jeopardy
The rhetoric of reaction, as discussed in the podcast, delves into the patterns of conservative arguments over time. Conservatives often employ the perversity thesis, suggesting that efforts for change lead to opposite outcomes. The futility thesis focuses on the belief that attempts to improve society are futile due to fundamental laws or natural orders. The jeopardy thesis warns that progressive aims may endanger past achievements or cherished goods, such as the tension between liberty and democracy.
Philosophical Roots and Economic Influences
Albert O. Hirschman, the author of 'The Rhetoric of Reaction,' emphasizes the historical and economic underpinnings of conservative rhetoric. Focusing on Italian thinkers like Giano Masca and Vilfredo Pareto, the futility thesis argues against political enfranchisement and socialism, suggesting that societal elites and non-elites will persist regardless of reform efforts. Hirschman's work connects the rise of fascism in Italy to critiques of democracy and socialist aspirations.
Cultural Determinism and Genetic Influence
The podcast discussion transitions to cultural determinism and genetic influences in conservative arguments, notably illustrated by modern figures like Jordan Peterson. Peterson's integration of evolutionary psychology into cultural analysis reflects a deep-seated belief in immutable human interactions and traditional gender norms. His rhetoric merges cultural tropes, genetic determinism, and power analysis to critique progressive cultural changes, highlighting resistance to societal alterations and aligning with conservative viewpoints.
Universal Human Laws and Phases of Development
The podcast discusses the concept of universal human laws and the evolving phases of development. It highlights that each phase of development, such as achieving universal suffrage and personal autonomy, is interconnected and incomplete. There is a suggestion that progress involves addressing cultural wrongs, with conservatism responding through rhetorical strategies.
Jeopardy Thesis and The Welfare State
The episode delves into the jeopardy thesis, which posits that current changes jeopardize past achievements, such as civil rights and liberties. It explores the tension between democracy and liberty, citing conservative arguments against welfare states like Friedrich Hayek's 'The Road to Serfdom.' The discussion touches on the challenges of social consensus and the coercive role of the state in progressive reforms.
In episode two of KNOW YOUR ENEMY, Matt and Sam discuss economist Albert O. Hirschman's 1991 book The Rhetoric of Reaction: Perversity, Futility, Jeopardy. Along the way, they identify the persistent patterns in conservative rhetoric from Edmund Burke to Friedrich Hayek to Paul Ryan.
They finish off by examining some of the rhetorical tics of the progressive left, and Sam reminisces about the good old days when DSA was comprised exclusive of young nerds and old Jews.
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