The Foreign Affairs Interview

Francis Fukuyama, a renowned political scientist and author, joins editor Dan Kurtz-Phelan to dive into the current crises facing global democracy amid Donald Trump’s potential return. They discuss the backlash against the status quo and explore how economic dissatisfaction fuels support for illiberal populism. Fukuyama analyzes the institutional challenges intensified by the COVID-19 pandemic and the paradox of the U.S.'s international strength contrasted with its internal divisions. Their conversation also touches on the implications for foreign policy amid rising global tensions.

In this engaging conversation, Daniel Drezner, a Tufts University professor specializing in international politics, and Kori Schake, an expert from the American Enterprise Institute with deep roots in U.S. defense and foreign policy, dive into the implications of a second Trump term. They explore how Trump's past policies on Ukraine, trade, and alliances could return with even more vigor. Key topics include potential shifts in Middle Eastern relations, the unpredictable nature of U.S.-China dealings, and the complicated dynamics of immigration policies with Mexico. Tune in for a thought-provoking analysis!

Robert Pape, a political scientist from the University of Chicago and expert on political violence, dives into the alarming resurgence of violence both in the U.S. and globally. He highlights how domestic endorsement of political violence correlates with rising terrorism and discusses the implications of demographic shifts for political polarization. Pape also covers historical military interventions and their unintended consequences, questioning the effectiveness of air power in modern warfare, especially in the Israel-Gaza conflict.

Beverly Gage, a Yale historian and author of "G-Man: J. Edgar Hoover and the Making of the American Century," dives into the surprising acceptance of foreign autocrats in U.S. politics, especially during Trump's presidency. She explores how historical admiration for dictators is woven into American political life. Gage also discusses the modern political shift towards authoritarianism, linking domestic grievances with the rise of foreign autocrats and drawing parallels to McCarthyism, revealing the intricate connections between past and present ideologies.

Ari Shavit, a prominent Israeli writer known for exploring Israel's identity and the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, shares his insights on the aftermath of the October 7 attacks. He discusses the shift in national identity and the urgent need for a coherent strategy regarding Gaza. Shavit navigates the limitations of one-state and two-state solutions, advocating for mutual recognition to revive peace efforts. He also highlights the regional dynamics and security threats, particularly from Iran, emphasizing the importance of international cooperation for stability.

Condoleezza Rice, Director of the Hoover Institution and former national security advisor, dives into the complexities of American foreign policy amidst rising global tensions. She argues against isolationism, emphasizing that great powers must engage, particularly in light of ongoing conflicts in the Middle East and competition with China. Rice discusses the roots of American populism, the importance of U.S. alliances, and the delicate balance between military objectives and humanitarian concerns in diplomatic efforts. Historical precedents guide her vision for proactive engagement.

Brian Deese, former director of the National Economic Council and key architect of the Inflation Reduction Act, dives into America's pivotal role in the global energy transition. He discusses the growing challenge posed by China's dominance in clean energy and the need for a diversified trading system. Deese advocates for a modern-day Marshall Plan to combat climate change and bolster U.S. energy initiatives. He also highlights the intersection of clean energy, technological innovation, and the urgent need for a cohesive national energy policy amidst rising demands.

Pratap Bhanu Mehta, a leading political theorist and writer recognized for his sharp insights into Indian politics, engages in a thought-provoking discussion about the unexpected outcomes of India’s recent elections. He explores the implications of Modi's coalition government and the decline of the ruling party's influence. Mehta critically examines the challenges facing India's democratic institutions, the socio-economic disparities affecting minorities, and the evolving foreign policy landscape, particularly in relation to China.

Kori Schake, a senior fellow and director of foreign and defense policy at the American Enterprise Institute, critiques the implications of a potential second Trump presidency on U.S. foreign policy. She delves into the concept of 'conservative internationalism' and explores the historical missteps in American military interventions. Discussions include challenges posed by nations like China and Russia, inconsistencies in defense spending, and the precarious state of alliances. Schake advocates for a reformed approach that balances American strength with global responsibilities.

Audrey Kurth Cronin, director of the Center for Security, Innovation, and New Technology, joins prominent Middle Eastern politics scholar Marc Lynch, former U.S. diplomat Dennis Ross, and defense strategist Dana Stroul to discuss the evolving crisis in Gaza. They explore the complexities of Israel's military strategy and the need for a coherent political approach post-conflict. The panel emphasizes the shifting regional dynamics, Saudi Arabia’s quest for U.S. defense, and the urgent reforms needed in Palestinian leadership for future stability.