JAMA Clinical Reviews

In this insightful discussion, Zian Tseng, a Professor of Medicine at UCSF and leading authority on cardiac arrest, shares crucial insights about sudden cardiac arrest in young adults. He reveals staggering survival rates, emphasizing that only a small percentage of out-of-hospital cases result in discharge. The conversation dives into the varying causes of these incidents, the vital role of screening for families, and the careful management needed for athletes wishing to return to sports after such events. Mental health support for survivors is also highlighted.

Michaela R. Anderson, an Assistant Professor of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania and lead author on new pulmonary rehabilitation guidelines, engages with JAMA Associate Editor David Simel. They discuss the importance of personalized pulmonary rehabilitation for chronic respiratory diseases like COPD. Topics include essential components like tailored exercise training, the role of multidisciplinary teams, and innovative approaches like tele-rehabilitation. Anderson also highlights the cost-effectiveness of these programs, especially after COPD hospitalizations.

Ayalew Tefferi, a renowned Professor of Medicine at the Mayo Clinic, shares insights on essential thrombocythemia (ET), a disorder marked by excessive platelet production. He discusses the challenges in diagnosing ET amidst potential secondary causes and highlights the importance of mutation screening. The conversation covers personalized treatment options, especially for older patients and those with extreme thrombocytosis. Additionally, Tefferi emphasizes the implications of ET on pregnancy and the potential benefits of monitoring and management to mitigate risks.

Esa M. Davis, a leading expert in family and community medicine and a member of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, joins the discussion to highlight the critical need for osteoporosis screening. The conversation emphasizes the importance of early detection in women aged 65 and older, and the necessity for improved screening practices for younger at-risk women and men. Davis also addresses gaps in current research and treatment protocols, advocating for enhanced methods to prevent fractures and better serve diverse populations.

Janine Austin Clayton, MD, is the Associate Director for Research on Women's Health at the NIH, dedicated to bridging knowledge gaps in women's health. She highlights the evolution of NIH policies since 1986, advocating for inclusive research that considers sex differences. Recent findings from studies like GTEC and MOTORPAC reveal crucial variations in health outcomes between genders. Clayton discusses new initiatives and funding opportunities aimed at fostering comprehensive women's health research, paving the way for personalized healthcare strategies.

Robert Kushner, a renowned author and professor at Northwestern University's Feinberg School of Medicine, dives into the latest advancements in obesity treatment. He discusses new FDA-approved medications, such as semaglutide and terzepatide, highlighting their effectiveness and side effects. Kushner emphasizes the importance of treating obesity as a chronic disease, the potential implications of stopping medication, and the need for gradual dose adjustments. This insightful conversation sheds light on the evolving landscape of obesity management.

Ian H. de Boer, a nephrology expert from the University of Washington, discusses the critical link between chronic kidney disease (CKD) and diabetes. He reveals that 30-40% of diabetic patients develop CKD and emphasizes innovative prevention strategies, including lifestyle changes and screening tests like eGFR. The conversation also covers groundbreaking treatments such as SGLT2 inhibitors and finerenone, showcasing their potential to significantly reduce CKD progression and enhance patient outcomes. Don't miss these vital insights!

Emelia J. Benjamin is a renowned Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology at Boston University and a cardiologist at Boston Medical Center. She discusses the rising prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) and its link to serious health risks. The conversation highlights how smartwatches can detect AF, though traditional monitoring remains essential. Emelia emphasizes the importance of managing lifestyle factors like alcohol and obesity in treating AF, along with the need for comprehensive healthcare access to improve outcomes for patients.

Allogeneic stem cell transplantation is a potentially life-saving therapy for some patients with hematologic and bone marrow cancers and certain nonmalignant conditions such as sickle cell disease. Hermioni L. Amonoo, MD, MPP, MPH, of Harvard Medical School and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, joins JAMA Deputy Editor Kristin Walter, MD, MS, to discuss the process of allogeneic stem cell donation. Related Content: Allogeneic Stem Cell Donation

Derek Angus, Chair of Critical Care Medicine at UPMC, joins the discussion alongside JAMA Editor in Chief Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo. They delve into four pivotal critical care trials recently presented in Melbourne. Topics include the effectiveness of sepsis alert systems that significantly lower hospital mortality, evolving oxygen strategies, and the comparison of high-flow nasal oxygen against non-invasive ventilation. They also explore the impact of biomarker-guided protocols in reducing unnecessary antibiotic use among sepsis patients, emphasizing personalized patient care.