JAMA Clinical Reviews

In this discussion, Stephen B. Kritchevsky, a leading expert in geroscience from Wake Forest University, delves into the biology of aging. He explores the promising strategies for lifespan extension, including caloric restriction and the mTOR pathway. The conversation also highlights the crucial distinction between chronologic and biologic age, along with innovative anti-aging treatments like metformin. Kritchevsky emphasizes the importance of translating animal research to human health, revealing exciting prospects for improving our healthspan.

In this engaging discussion, obesity expert Robert Kushner, a Professor at Northwestern University, delves into the challenges of managing adverse effects of obesity medications like semaglutide and tirzepatide. He explores gastrointestinal side effects such as nausea and diarrhea, offering practical strategies for dietary management. Kushner also emphasizes the importance of addressing hydration and dosage adjustments, while highlighting how resistance training and high-protein diets can protect muscle health during treatment. A must-listen for anyone navigating the world of obesity therapies!

David M. Kent, a Professor of Medicine and Neurology at Tufts University, dives into the intriguing world of patent foramen ovale (PFO) and its link to cryptogenic strokes. He discusses how to determine if a PFO is the culprit behind a stroke and the potential benefits of closure to prevent recurrences. The conversation also highlights the anatomical challenges of detecting PFOs and the advanced imaging techniques essential for accurate diagnosis. Kent emphasizes the collaborative role of neurologists and cardiologists in managing stroke risk factors related to PFO.

Dr. Anthony Charles is a Professor of Surgery and Chief of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery at the University of Vermont. He discusses the alarming rise of diverticulitis cases, especially in younger populations. Key insights include the impact of dietary choices on the condition and the essential diagnostic tools like CT scans. The conversation highlights the tailored approach to treatment, potential complications, and the timing for follow-up colonoscopies. Charles emphasizes the need for urgent responses to complications to ensure better patient outcomes.

William Cliby and John Weroha, both experts from the Mayo Clinic, dive into the complexities of ovarian cancer. They discuss the importance of recognizing nonspecific symptoms that often delay diagnosis and the critical role of clinical judgment in early detection. Preventive strategies like surgeries for those with a family history are emphasized, alongside challenges in current screening methods. They also highlight advancements in treatment options, such as PARP inhibitors, which enhance survival rates for patients facing this disease.

In this discussion, Kimmie Ng, Associate Chief of Gastrointestinal Oncology at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, reveals alarming trends in early-onset gastrointestinal cancers, particularly in patients under 50. She highlights the importance of recognizing modifiable risk factors like obesity and the psychological challenges young patients endure. The conversation also touches on updated screening guidelines for colorectal cancer and the role of Helicobacter pylori in esophagogastric cancers, emphasizing the urgent need for better diagnostic strategies.

John T. Wei, a Professor of Urology at the University of Michigan, joins Mary M. McDermott to dive into the challenges of lower urinary tract symptoms in men over 50. They highlight that about 40% of older men face issues like urinary urgency and frequency, significantly impacting their lives. The discussion covers diagnostic strategies, the effectiveness of pharmacologic treatments, and the importance of patient feedback. Wei also shares insights on behavioral interventions and minimally invasive surgical options for those with benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Carolyn Gould, MD, a specialist from the CDC's Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, dives into the complexities of West Nile virus, the leading mosquito-borne disease in the U.S. since 1999. She discusses the virus's geography, impact, and diagnostic methods, particularly for vulnerable populations. The podcast highlights long-term effects on survivors and the absence of specific treatments, emphasizing the need for awareness and preventive measures against this pervasive threat.

Suzanne Morin, a Professor of Medicine at McGill University and expert on osteoporosis, joins JAMA Deputy Editor Mary McDermott to discuss this critical health issue. They delve into the alarming statistics, noting that 1 in 3 women and 1 in 5 men over 50 experience osteoporotic fractures. Risk factors and screening are vital, especially for those with prior fractures. Morin also sheds light on treatment options, including medications like bisphosphonates, and the emerging anabolic therapies that could significantly improve outcomes for high-risk patients.

In this engaging discussion, Dr. Rita Kalyani, a Professor of Medicine at Johns Hopkins University and an expert on type 2 diabetes, dives into crucial topics around diagnosis and treatment. She explains essential tests like hemoglobin A1c and fasting plasma glucose, highlighting the challenges in distinguishing type 2 diabetes from other types. The conversation also covers managing diabetes through lifestyle changes and advancements in medications. Plus, the benefits of continuous glucose monitoring are discussed, showcasing its importance in effective diabetes management.