JAMA Clinical Reviews

Infestations by ectoparasites such as scabies, bedbugs, and body lice are common. Diagnosis requires history, including social drivers of health such as living environment, and physical examination. Author Aileen Y. Chang, MD, of UCSF, joins JAMA Senior Editor Karen Lasser, MD, to discuss Scabies, Bedbug, and Body Lice Infestations: A Narrative Review. Related Content: Scabies, Bedbug, and Body Lice Infestations

Paul C. Cremer, MD, MS, a JAMA Review author with expertise in acute pericarditis, joins David L. Simel, MD, MHS, JAMA's Associate Editor. They delve into the complexities of acute pericarditis, discussing its common presentation and diagnostic challenges, including the significance of pericardial friction rubs. The conversation highlights effective treatments, focusing on high-dose NSAIDs and colchicine, and emphasizes the importance of monitoring inflammation markers. Novel therapeutic options, including interleukin-1 blockers, are also introduced for recurrent cases.

Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, the Editor in Chief of JAMA, dives into groundbreaking trials from the ESC 2024 Congress. She discusses the impact of antihypertensive continuation before surgery and potassium's role post-cardiac surgery. A key highlight is a triple-drug combination pill aimed at tackling resistant hypertension in Africa, showing promise in improving patient outcomes. Lastly, Bibbins-Domingo emphasizes innovative methods to manage hypertension in Nigeria, pointing to a significant leap in treatment efficacy. This conversation is a treasure trove for cardiovascular health enthusiasts.

William Y. Kim, MD, a renowned expert from the University of North Carolina, joins JAMA Associate Editor David L. Simel, MD, MHS, to dive deep into renal cell carcinoma. They discuss groundbreaking links to Nobel-winning research on tumor suppressors and hypoxia-inducible factors. The conversation covers diagnostic challenges, genetic screening, and the importance of evaluating familial history. Treatment options are also highlighted, emphasizing advancements in surgical techniques and personalized therapies for advanced stages of the disease.

Esa M. Davis, MD, MPH, is a vital member of the US Preventive Services Task Force, coauthoring new recommendations on iron deficiency during pregnancy. In this insightful conversation, Davis discusses the critical role of iron in maternal and fetal health, particularly emphasizing its importance in oxygen transport. She highlights the gaps in research around screening and supplementation, advocating for rigorous studies to improve outcomes for both mothers and infants. Health equity and tailored approaches for high-risk groups are crucial themes in the discussion.

Christine Johnston, MD, an expert in herpes infections from the University of Washington, and Preeti Malani, MD, MSJ, JAMA Deputy Editor, delve into the complexities of genital herpes. They discuss the prevalence and transmission risks associated with HSV-1 and HSV-2. Key topics include the importance of accurate diagnosis, effective treatment options, and the significant stigma that impacts patients' lives. They emphasize the need for improved awareness and understanding to enhance patient care and outcomes.

James D. Douketis, MD, a specialist in anticoagulant management from McMaster University, teams up with Kristin L. Walter, MD, MS, a JAMA Deputy Editor with a focus on clinical research. Together, they dive into the nuances of managing direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) during surgical procedures. They explore bleeding risks, the pharmacokinetics of DOACs, and tailored strategies for individual patient safety. The duo also discusses the emerging role of Dolex in perioperative care and stresses the need for healthcare professionals to stay informed.

Aaron S. Kelly, PhD, an author and expert from the University of Minnesota Medical School, joins to tackle the pressing issue of adolescent obesity, affecting around 20% of U.S. teens. He discusses the complex interplay of screen time, food insecurity, and genetics in driving obesity. Kelly emphasizes the importance of BMI screening and recent treatment innovations, including anti-obesity medications like GLP-1 receptor agonists. He advocates for a compassionate approach in healthcare to effectively manage health risks and improve long-term outcomes for affected adolescents.

Dr. Francis G. O'Connor and Dr. David Simel discuss heat-related illness in athletes, covering risk factors, prevention, symptoms, and management. They explore wet bulb globe temperature, acclimatization techniques, personalized hydration plans, and individualized risk factors in preventing exertional heat illness.

Dr. Robert F. Kushner from Northwestern University discusses new weight-loss drugs for obesity management. Topics include nutrient-stimulated hormone-based meds, less common medications, comparing terzepatide to semaglutide, and future weight loss drug advancements. The focus is on improving overall health outcomes with successful interventions.