If you've been a long-time podcast listener, then you're no doubt familiar with Dr. Jay T. Wiles, my jolly sidekick on the regular Ben Greenfield Fitness Q&A podcast episodes.

What you may not know about Dr. Wiles is that he is a true expert in all things heart rate variability (HRV) testing, tracking, and interpretation; and in this podcast episode, he takes a deep dive into how to use HRV to optimize your recovery, performance, sleep, stress, and nervous system.

Dr. Wiles is a clinical health psychologist with a passion for helping others reach their full potential from an integrative and holistic perspective. With this strong passion for integrative and holistic care, especially in nutrition and psychophysiology, Dr. Wiles completed his doctor of clinical psychology degree at Regent University with a specialized focus and concentration in health psychology.

Dr. Wiles then furthered this specialty in health psychology as a pre-doctoral intern at McGuire VA Medical Center in Richmond, VA and post-doctoral fellowship at WJB Dorn VA Medical Center in Columbia, SC. He currently works as a health psychologist for the Department of Veteran Affairs.

With specialized training in health behavior coaching, health assessment, nutritional interventions for mental and physical health, motivational interviewing, applied psychophysiology (biofeedback and neurofeedback) and consultation, Dr. Wiles works as a consultant for companies, organizations, practitioners, and individual patients on nutritional psychology, health behavior change, applied psychophysiology, and health promotion/disease prevention via complementary and integrative practices. He is also board certified in biofeedback and heart rate variability biofeedback as well as board-certified in Tai Chi for rehabilitation.

Dr. Wiles has worked closely with elite athletes and executives on enhancing peak performance through his online consulting agency, Thrive Wellness and Performance. This consulting agency focuses solely on training and regulating psychophysiology for performance. ​He is passionate about education and consultation with patients and organizations in an effort to increase health outcomes through focusing on prevention and well-being, as opposed to disease and symptom mitigation.

During this solosode with Dr. Jay, you'll discover: -Jay's background and a brief overview of "biofeedback"...7:16

• Biofeedback: the use of your physiology to enhance self-awareness in order to promote self-regulation
• Like learning an instrument: perform an action, observe the results, repeat until the desired result has been met
• HRV is the most fundamental building block of biofeedback
• Thrive Wellness and Performance website
• Drjaywiles.com

-Research on the use of HRV as a metric and HRV Biofeedback...11:43

• Wellness, Performance, Recovery, and Mental Well-being
• Robust research on HRV began only 20-30 years ago
• HRV is linked to heart attacks, strokes, physical performance
• Optimized recovery, sleep, homeostasis of nervous system, and much more...
• Higher stress (real or perceived) resulted in lower HRV scores
• Association for Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback (AAPB)

-Overview of Psychophysiology...18:46

• Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System
• Autonomic Nervous System
  • Parasympathetic Versus the Sympathetic Response
  • Autonomic Balance
• Baroreflex Response
  • Acetylcholine Response
• BGF podcast w/ Dr. Koniver on cortisol
• Book: Why Zebras Don't Get Ulcers by Robert Sapolsky

-What Is Heart Rate Variability...39:55

• PPG vs. ECG
• Metric of resiliency to change
• Sources of HRV
  • Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia (RSA)
• Autonomic Balance

-Metrics of Heart Rate Variability...49:19

• Defining different domains
• Time domain
  • SDNN
  • RMSSD
  • HR Max-HR Min or heart rate amplitude
• Frequency Domain
  • ULF
  • VLF
• LF/HF Ratio

-HRV Norms...1:12:00

• Defining Norm-based HRV comparisons
• High vs. Low HRV
• Voss 2015 Norm Study of Gender and Age
  • Values for all norms found in 21,000 participants
• Norm vs. Individual baseline comparisons

-HRV Training/Regulation...1:23:45

• Resonance Frequency Training
  • Effortless, low and slow, diaphragmatic breathing
  • Patrick McKeown style breathing (Book: The Oxygen Advantage)
• Use of Wearable technology for biofeedback
  • Pros and Cons
• Different Devices:
  • Whoop Band
  • Biostrap
  • Polar H7 Strap w/ Elite HRV or Nature Beat App
• Dr. Wiles’ favorite device: Lief Therapeutics
• Pitfalls of Wearables
  1. Artifact: Ectopic or false beats
  2. Many devices do not remove these in their data inclusion
• Book: The Oxygen Advantage

-HRV Hacks...1:42:00

• Cold Exposure:
  • Hot/Cold Contrast showers
  • Cold Plunges/Immersion
• Cold when sleep (core body temp)
• Exercise
• Mindfulness and Compassion Exercises
• Dietary Considerations
• Fasting

-Stephen Porges' Polyvagal Theory...1:51:09 -And much more... Resources mentioned in this episode:

• Oura Ring
• BGF podcast w/ Dr. Koniver on cortisol
• Book: Why Zebras Don't Get Ulcers by Robert Sapolsky
• Whoop Band
• Biostrap
• Polar H7 Strap w/ Elite HRV
• Nature Beat App
• Lief Therapeutics (code GREENFIELD for 20% off their first month of subscription or full purchase of the device)
• Book: The Oxygen Advantage
• The Christian Gratitude Journal
• Book: The Polyvagal Theory by Stephen Porges

Episode sponsors:

-Kion Flex: The ultimate recovery formula, Kion Flex is a bioavailable blend to support joint comfort, mobility and flexibility, and bone health. Ben Greenfield Fitness listeners, receive a 20% discount off your entire order at Kion when you use discount code: BGF20. -X3 Bar: Grow muscle 3x faster than you can with free weights! The X3 Bar will change the way you train forever. Get a $50 discount off your X3 bar when you use discount code: BEN -JOOVV: After using the Joovv for close to 2 years, it's the only light therapy device I'd ever recommend. Give it a try: you won't be disappointed. Order using my link and receive my brand new book, Boundless absolutely free! -Seed Daily Synbiotic: A formulation of 24 unique strains, each of which included at their clinically verified dose, to deliver systemic benefits in the body. Save 15% off your order when you use discount code: BEN15

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