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Inside Exercise
#53 - Aging, exercise and muscle mitochondrial energetics with Dr Paul Coen
Jul 1, 2023
01:18:52
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Quick takeaways
- Exercise can attenuate the reductions in mitochondrial function that occur with aging.
- Improving mitochondrial energetics through exercise may help reduce fatigue levels in aging individuals.
- Physical activity interventions, such as walking, can improve mitochondrial energetics and overall muscle health in older adults.
Deep dives
Mitochondrial function decreases with aging
Mitochondrial function, which is responsible for producing ATP and supporting muscle contraction, decreases with aging. This decrease in function is due to a decline in mitochondrial content, increased release of reactive oxygen species, and impaired calcium handling.
Exercise attenuates age-related reductions in mitochondrial function
Physical activity and exercise can help mitigate the reductions in mitochondrial function that occur with aging. Studies have shown that exercise can improve mitochondrial energetics, increase ATP production, and enhance muscle strength and aerobic capacity.
Mitochondrial function and aging-related fatigue
Decreased mitochondrial function in aging muscles has been associated with increased levels of fatigue in older adults. Improving mitochondrial energetics through exercise may help reduce fatigue levels and improve overall physical function in aging individuals.
Mitochondrial decline with aging and physical activity
With aging, there is a gradual decline in mitochondrial energetics and function, similar to the loss of strength and cardiovascular fitness. The decline may be correlated with increased physical inactivity rather than just chronological age. Research shows that individuals who are physically active during older age tend to have better mitochondrial health. Studies have found that physical activity interventions, such as walking, can improve mitochondrial energetics, insulin sensitivity, and overall muscle health in older adults.
The impact of bed rest on muscle loss and recovery in older adults
Bed rest can lead to muscle atrophy, loss of strength, and insulin resistance, particularly in older adults. The effects of bed rest on muscle health and recovery are more pronounced in individuals with pre-diabetes or diabetes. Older adults with these conditions may have a slower recovery rate and reduced muscle response following a period of bed rest. Maintaining physical activity and targeting mitochondrial function through exercise or potential adjunct therapies can help mitigate the negative effects of bed rest and promote muscle health in older adults.
Dr Glenn McConell chats with Dr Paul Cohen from Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, AdventHealth Orlando, Florida, USA. He has a very strong track record of research examining muscle mitochondria in health and disease and in particular the effects of exercise in attenuating the reductions in mitochondrial function with age. A very interesting chat. Twitter: @CoenPM 0:00. Introduction/Paul’s exercise research training 3:10. Exercise, aging and inflammation markers etc 5:55. Bret Goodpaster/Advent Health 8:53. Muscle mitochondria functions 10:15. Mitochondria: energetics, function, biogenesis 13:11. Effects of aging on mitochondria 16:15. Mitochondria energetics, VO2 max and muscle power with age 22:30. Isolated mito vs fibers vs in vivo measures of mito 24:52. Changes with aging per se vs inactivity with aging 28:40. Can mimic exercise using isolated mito measures? 32:03. Time course of mito changes with age vs physical activity 34:00. Is walking enough to maintain mitochondrial volume etc? 35:40. The body and the response to exercise is very integrative 37:25. Lipids in muscle and mitochondrial function 39:00. Subcellular vs intramyofibullar mitochondria 42:55. Mitochondrial energetics and mobility as age etc 44:45. Medications vs exercise 46:08. Aging, mitochondria respiration and leg power 47:40. Aging, mitochondrial energetics and fatigue 49:10. Sex differences in mitochondrial energetics 50:25. Aging vs physical inactivity with aging 52:00. Aging, mitochondria, gait speed and mortality 54:08. If do one thing best to do aerobic or weight training? 56:12. The best exercise is the exercise that people will do 56:10. Social interaction 57:20. Exercise for health span vs life span/“Stop aging” 1:00:12. Healthy aging when have a well managed disease? 1:01:52. Markers of healthy aging 1:03:05. Inherited and acquired mito DNA sequence variations 1:06:10. Nitrate supplementation, mitochondria and aging 1:09:05. Bed rest, diabetes, muscle mass and mitochondrial 1:13:15. Takeaway messages 1:14:43. Links between mitochondrial function and insulin sensitivity? 1:18:43. Outro (9 seconds) Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all. The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University. He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9). Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at: Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1 Instagram: insideexercise Facebook: Glenn McConell LinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460 ResearchGate: Glenn McConell Email: glenn.mcconell@gmail.com Subscribe to Inside exercise: Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHL Apple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRU YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexercise Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise Google Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHI Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise Podcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218 Not medical advice
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