Inside Exercise

Dr Glenn McConell chats with legendary Australian former marathon world record holder and lifelong exerciser Derek Clayton and the three top researchers who have tested him over 50 years. Derek, who is now 82 years old, broke the marathon world record in 1967 running 2:09:36 when the previous record was 2:12:11(!). Then in 1969 he ran 2:08:33 a world record which wasn’t broken until 1981. He then continued to train at a high level, especially cycling. He was VO2 max tested in 1969 by Professor David Costill, 1991 by Professor Costill, Professor Mark Hargreaves and myself then in 2022 by sports cardiologist Dr Andre La Gerche and Prof Hargreaves. Each of these research experts have previously individually been on the podcast and join us today. Derek has developed atrial fibrillation but has an amazing heart with substantial cardiac reserve. Very interesting and inspiring. Enjoy!0:00. Introduction2:40. Intro to Derek. His marathon WRs6:07. England/Northern Island7:50. Always driven, didn’t want any regrets9:15. First signs of running talent at 19. Belfast12:50. Arrival in Melbourne, Australia15:32. Intro to the marathon18:10. Only wanted to win, no interest in pacing etc19:30. His parents/talent etc. No coach.23:35. Huge training mileage26:00. Worked full-time26:40. Accidental high CHO diet/only water during races27:44. Trained very hard, no taper 28:50. Running injuries: knee replacement30:48. Prof David Costill joins in32:10. How David hooked up with Derek36:58. His 1969 testing41:00. Prof Mark Hargreaves joins in42:20. His 1991 testing46:30. Similar VO2 max 1969 vs 199147:35. His slow vs fast twitch fibre content49:20. Competitive about hand grip!50:20. Not overly high VO2 max52:20. Very efficient55:30. Resilient, mental toughness, work ethic57:50. Very modest58:50. Serious bike racing1:01:05. His Olympic marathon races1:03:00. Issues at Olympics: altitude and heat1:05:10. Dr Andre La Gerche joins in1.09:03. His heart is enormous1:11:20. Endurance training: right vs left ventricle1:12:25. Has very large atria but reduced function1:16:20. Right ventricle and endurance ex1:18:30. His atrial fibrillation and ex1:25:52. Ablations to try to prevent his AF1:30:50. Alcohol, AF and ablations1:32:20. He's had 3 ablations but still has AF1:34:20. The heart can take time to recover from hard ex1:37:20. Right ventricle, exercise and drops in arterial oxygen1:40:55. He has enormous cardiac reverse1:46:35. Lifelong ex increases AF1:51:50. Ex extremely important despite increasing AF1:55:20. Prioritize/best treatment exercise1:59:12. OutroInside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1Instagram: insideexerciseFacebook: Glenn McConellLinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460ResearchGate: Glenn McConellEmail: glenn.mcconell@gmail.comSubscribe to Inside exercise:Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHLApple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRUYouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexerciseAnchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexerciseGoogle Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHIAnchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercisePodcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218Not medical advice

Dr. Tommy Lundberg, a leading expert from the Karolinska Institute, discusses the intriguing effects of concurrent training, where resistance and endurance workouts intersect. He reveals that combining these training methods often yields no negative impact on muscle growth and can even enhance endurance performance. Lundberg also delves into how different training volumes affect outcomes, injury prevention strategies, and the surprising role of resistance training in endurance adaptations. Additionally, he touches on the research challenges associated with exercise responses, including insights into gender and training.

Dr. Lykke Sylow, an Associate Professor at The University of Copenhagen and a rising star in exercise metabolism, shares fascinating insights on how exercise influences cancer outcomes. She reveals that inactivity is a major risk factor for cancer, potentially more than obesity. Exercise not only reduces cancer risk but also enhances treatment efficacy, combats muscle loss during chemotherapy, and improves insulin sensitivity. The conversation emphasizes the pressing need for more research on how fitness impacts cancer recovery and prognosis.

Professor Paul D. Thompson, Chief of Cardiology Emeritus at Hartford Hospital, shares his extensive knowledge on exercise and heart health. He discusses the surprising prevalence of atrial fibrillation in athletes and the implications of coronary artery calcification. Recommendations include 8000 vigorous steps a day and the role of genetics in athletic performance. Thompson also emphasizes the balance between exercise intensity and enjoyment, alongside the importance of mentorship in advancing sports cardiology.

Dr Bryan Heiderscheit, an expert on running injuries, discusses the benefits of increasing stride rate to reduce overstriding and running injuries. He emphasizes the importance of gradual changes and the impact of foot strike patterns on different injuries. The podcast also covers gait retraining, forefoot vs heel landing, and the role of cushioned shoes. Overall, a fascinating conversation on gait modifications and injury prevention in running.

Dr Rasmus Østergaard Nielsen, an expert on training load and shoes in running-related injuries, emphasizes gradual changes to prevent injury. Discusses impact of training speed, distance, and terrain. Highlights importance of allowing body to adapt. Debates motion control shoes and excessive pronation. Emphasizes the need for gradual progression to avoid setbacks in running journey.

Professor Irene Davis, a leading researcher on running injuries and president of the American College of Sports Medicine, discusses our natural ability to run and the impact of footwear on injury risk. She advocates for minimalist shoes, which encourage landing on the forefoot, helping to reduce impact stress. Irene highlights the evolution of running styles and the drawbacks of modern cushioned shoes. She also suggests that retraining your running gait can be beneficial for stubborn injuries, emphasizing the importance of proper biomechanics.

Dr Glenn McConell chats with Dr David Martin. David has a remarkable and varied background starting off as a research scientist at the Australian Institute Sport and then National Sports Science Coordinator at Cycling Australia. He then became Director, Performance Research and Development at the Philadelphia 76ers. He is currently Chief Scientist, Director of Performance at Apeiron Life, San Francisco where he works to improve the healthspan of high net worth individuals. He is also an Adjunct Professor at the Australian Catholic University. We talked about all of this with a focus on the importance of belief systems in sports performance, how placebo effects are real, the use of placebos/belief effects in sports etc. A really interesting chat. I learned a lot. Twitter: davidtmartin0:00. Introduction to podcast and David Martin3:20. Testing Lance Armstrong and Cadel Evans8:00. Thermoregulation, Heat susceptibility9:10. Derek Clayton10:35. Amy Gillett Foundation11:40. Physiological attributes vs belief for exercise performance18:05. Cycling selection camps based on combat selection23:00. Belief effect25:20. Placebo effect of altitude training33:25. Does EPO (Erythropoietin) have its own effects on perf etc?38:00. Placebo effects on pain and depression etc42:00. The “I went to Harvard” /credentials etc effect45:05. Lying to win and Belief vs evidence47:05. How handle if mismatch between belief and evidence53:20. Real physiological effects of placebos1:01:40. How much of perf effect of CHO ingestion is belief effect1:03:10. Believable vs well informed people in sports team1:05:40. Importance of belief in the coach1:09:40. Physiological needs of the specific sport1:13:40. David and the Philadelphia 76ers1:19:00. NBA and trust/protection/managing1:23:53. His ideas and finishing up at the Philadelphia 76ers1:26:20. Regretted not going fully into academia?1:28:22. Rather fight 1000 x 1lb chickens or 1 x 1000 lb chicken?1:30:24. Balancing S&C needs and the coaches needs1:32:55. Reducing injuries in team sports1:34:55. Importance of pre-season conditioning1:35:40. Balance of winning vs how much money can make1:38:40. Lower body strength in NBA vs track cyclists1:41:18. Improving healthspans of high net worth individuals1:53:10. A focus on healthspan rather than lifespan1:58:55. Evidence base re supplements2:03:45. Miss the adrenaline of working with athletes?2:05:12. Outro Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1Instagram: insideexerciseFacebook: Glenn McConellLinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460ResearchGate: Glenn McConellEmail: glenn.mcconell@gmail.comSubscribe to Inside exercise:Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHLApple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRUYouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexerciseAnchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexerciseGoogle Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHIAnchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercisePodcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218Not medical advice

Dr Glenn McConell chats with Professor Mark Haykowsky from the University of Alberta, Canada and remarkable heart transplant recipients Dwight Kroening, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada and Elmar Sprink, Cologne, Germany. Dwight was very fit before a heart defect resulted in his heart transplantation (HT) way back in 1986. Elmar was an endurance athlete who suffered a series of cardiac arrests before his HT 12 years ago. They have undertaken Ironman triathlons and more. Both had VO2 maxes in the high 50s! (ml/kg/min). They embody the importance of exercise. Really motivating stuff, incredible. I loved this chat with these three remarkable people. Twitter: @mhaykows 0:00. Introduction 5:40. How Mark got into this area of research 8:40. History of heart transplantation (HT) 10:00. The age of the heart donors/recipients 11:15. The transplanted heart doesn’t perform as well 15:45. Reinnervation of the heart 16:45. Heart rate during exercise after HT 18:55. Dwight before the HT 26:00. Matching donor/ recipient 30:00. Time from donor death until HT 32:20. Matching/rejection/immunosuppression 35:10. Elmar before HT 46:35. Elmar’s resting lactate was 11mmol/l 52:20. Time from diagnosis to transplant 54:00. Vascular and skeletal muscle impacts 56:00. Dwight’s heart donor 58:05. Dwight belief in exercise after HT 1:04:15. Importance of being fit before HT 1:05:25. Dwight’s VO2 max 1:06:30. Very high O2 extractions 1:07:25. Dwight motivated Mark to exercise! 1:10:50. Elmar’s exercise journey after HT 1:13:15. Delay in heart rate increases during exercise 1:15:10. Triathlon 1 yr, Ironman 2 yrs after HT 1:18:00. Cape Epic in South Africa 1:20:00. Elmar better than before heart issues! 1:23:20. They can hold the same HR for hours that most HT recipients can hold for 1 min 1:25:40. Most HT recipients don’t ex train 1:27:30. Muscle issues after transplant 1:30:00. World transplant games 1:32:10. Doctor loved being wrong about exercise 1:33:10. HT recipients and HR delay 1:35:10. These guys push the importance of exercise! 1:38:30. Max HR with age after HT 1:39:50. Reinnervation after HT 1:42:40. Heart stiffer after HT 1:44:02. Ex training and cardiac output/left ventricle adaptations 1:47:10. Most adaptations to training in HT are peripheral 1:49:20. These 2 the fittest HR recipients ever 1:51:18. Exercise the key to longevity 1:52:24. Dwight feels poorly when doesn’t exercise 1:53:20. Go back to old new normal/legacy effect 1:55:10. Their prognosis 1:57:10. Dwight: More to life than the physical 2:02:10. Takeaway messages 2:07:10. They are much more than only HT recipients 2:10:32. Outro Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1Instagram: insideexerciseFacebook: Glenn McConellLinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460ResearchGate: Glenn McConellEmail: glenn.mcconell@gmail.comSubscribe to Inside exercise:Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHLApple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRUYouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexerciseAnchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexerciseGoogle Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHIAnchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercisePodcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218Not medical advice

Dr Glenn McConell chats with Associate Professor Chris Fry from the University of Kentucky, USA. Joint injury causes muscle weakness and atrophy (reductions in muscle size) due to the the inactivity but also separately due to the injury itself. Substances are released from muscle to help repair the joint/bone. Prehab is important before surgery. There can be residual effects long after joint injury. We also discussed hypertrophy and aging and the importance of having a lot of muscle capillaries as age to obtain the optimum response to resistance training. Lots more. We had a really great chat. Chris has a very pleasant manner. I enjoyed it a lot. Twitter: @ChrisFryPhD0:00. Introduction and welcome3:09. How Chris got into exercise research6:10. ACL injuries and muscle wasting /weakness9:05. Joint injuries and the risk of arthritis10:05. The effects of the inactivity vs the injury itself13:55. Protein synthesis vs breakdown after an ACL injury19:30. Why in evolutionary sense does joint injury result in muscle atrophy22:50. What are the signals to cause muscle atrophy24:00. Myostatin release after joint injury26:55. Acute vs chronic injury28:15. Other joint injuries to joints (other than ACL)29:25. Atrophy in different muscle fibre types31:15. Best way to prepare for surgery after an injury34:05. How quickly start rehab after surgery35:45. Are there residual effects long after joint injury?39:55. Bone vs joint injury43:30. Muscle reactive oxygen species/ mitochondria after injury46:05. Aerobic capacity of muscle still reduced after rehab47:05. Should take anti inflammatories after injury?49:20. Vitamin D and muscle injury52:15. Does joint injury affect muscle in the non injuried limb?54:45. What can do to slow atrophy after injury?55:55. Does muscle size and strength go hand in hand after injury57:15. Time since injury/trauma and surgery58:55. Sex difference and joint injury1:00:20. Age and joint injuries1:01:10. Hypertrophy and aging1:02:05. Aging: inactivity vs training response1:03:00. More capillaries in muscle increases response to resistance training1:05:00. Aerobic pre conditioning can help with hypertrophy1:08:30. Anabolic resistance and aging1:12:25. Connective tissue and training responses with aging1:15:20. Satellite cells and muscle growth1:17:45. Takeaway messages1:19:01. Outro Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1Instagram: insideexerciseFacebook: Glenn McConellLinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460ResearchGate: Glenn McConellEmail: glenn.mcconell@gmail.comSubscribe to Inside exercise:Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHLApple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRUYouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexerciseAnchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexerciseGoogle Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHIAnchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercisePodcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218Not medical advice