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Identifying structures involved and performing necessary assessment tests is crucial when treating ankle sprains. Often underestimated due to commonality, ankle sprains can lead to serious issues if not managed properly. Lack of awareness about impairments and subsequent injuries can result in long-term problems like post-traumatic osteoarthritis. Recurrent ankle injuries and chronic instability can lead to increased risks, emphasizing the importance of thorough assessment and management.
Recent evidence highlights a shift towards more proactive and aggressive treatments for ankle injuries. An increase in discussions with specialists, reconstruction procedures for lateral ankle sprains, and research on post-traumatic osteoarthritis have influenced treatment approaches. Emphasizing the need for addressing ankle injuries comprehensively rather than simply relying on traditional practices like strapping and ice, healthcare professionals are exploring more interventionist strategies, especially in cases of professional athletes.
Assessing ankle injuries involves obtaining detailed subjective information about the mechanism of injury, previous history, pain levels, and progression over time. Objective measures like figure-eight taping for swelling assessment, weight-bearing dorsiflexion, strength testing, and balance evaluations play key roles in determining treatment plans. Understanding the patient's pain response, activity level, and utilizing outcome measures enhance the diagnostic and treatment processes in ankle injury management.
Controlling swelling and the inflammatory process within the first 72 hours of an ankle injury is crucial as it can lead to less sensitivity and easier recovery. Educating patients on managing swelling with medications and gentle exercises like toe curls and foot drills early on can empower them to aid their recovery. Setting acceptable pain levels and educating patients on gradual movement can help with early mobilization and long-term recovery.
Addressing individual goals, such as returning to sports, formal events, or daily activities, is essential in ankle sprain rehabilitation. Setting achievable strength and range of motion goals rather than strict timelines can guide patients' progress effectively. Incorporating balance tests, dynamic movements, and sport-specific drills can enhance patients' recovery and ensure functional outcomes. Taping and bracing can be beneficial based on patient needs and circumstances, focusing on reconditioning and gradually reducing reliance on external support for long-term stability.
Untreated or poorly rehabilitated ankle sprains can develop into chronic ankle instability (CAI), osteoarthritis, or other lower limb injuries (Bestwick-Stevenson et al. 2021; Delco et al., 2017; Herzog et al., 2019; van Ochten et al., 2017).
In this podcast Zoe Russell discusses ankle sprain assessment and treatment, and how to return your patients to sport. You’ll discover how to help your ankle sprain patients fully recover as quickly as possible, and avoid long term ankle issues.
Zoe is a Specialist Sports Physiotherapist (FACP), APA Titled Musculoskeletal and Sports Physio, as well as a Clinical Edge Senior Educator and Presenter, and in this Physio Edge podcast hosted by David Pope, we discuss the latest evidence and practical treatment strategies for ankle sprains, including:
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