
Vital Signs with Jacob Effron and Nikhil Krishnan
On Vital Signs, Jacob Effron and Nikhil Krishnan dig into cutting-edge trends in healthtech and the people shaping them. Every two weeks they’ll explore a new sub-sector and trend with policy leaders, startup founders and industry executives.
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Latest episodes

Jul 25, 2023 • 51min
Ep 27: PathAI CEO Dr. Andy Beck on the Future of AI in Medical Diagnosis
Dr. Andy Beck, PathAI CEO, discusses AI adoption in diagnosis, nailing go-to-market strategy, digitalizing pathology labs, regulatory frameworks, standardizing diagnoses, the future of pathologists' jobs, working in Daphne Koller's lab, and the potential of AI in drug development and healthcare.

Jul 11, 2023 • 56min
Ep 26: Dr. Austin Chiang on Using Social Media to Educate His >500K Followers and GLP-1s
Jacob and Nikhil sit down with Dr. Austin Chiang, an interventional GI doc and Chief Medical Officer of Medtronic’s GI business who also has >500K TikTok Followers. We discuss how social media companies deal with public health issues, how doctors can use social media, lessons from being a “physician influencer,” the consumerization of GLP-1s and more. 0:00 intro1:02 how Austin got into medicine and social media4:59 highlights and lowlights of being a recognizable figure in the medical world8:47 balancing engagement with education25:22 how to steer away from misinformation30:51 the consumerization of GLP-1s39:24 tips for doctors on social media45:45 how to market to physicians47:31 public health campaigns on social media 52:10 Austin’s favorite post

Jun 27, 2023 • 49min
Ep 25: Dotmatics CEO Thomas Swalla on The State of R&D Software
Jacob and Nikhil sit down with Dotmatics CEO Thomas Swalla to discuss R&D software, differences in software requirements across biotechs, growing through 11 acquisitions and expanding beyond life sciences. 0:00 intro0:36 getting into healthcare5:20 what R&D looks like today8:03 what does Dotmatics do?13:06 differences in software requirements across biotechs20:15 bundling vs. “best-of-breed”23:46 do life sciences need their own data tools?26:44 incorporating AI into Dotmatics tools34:38 AI replacing scientists37:39 how Dotmatics tools can serve companies outside of life sciences39:50 acquisition strategy44:43 spaces for innovation in R&D

Jun 13, 2023 • 49min
Ep 24: Insitro CEO Daphne Koller on Using ML to Change Drug Discovery
Jacob sits down with Insitro CEO Daphne Koller to discuss founding Coursera, where and how ML can drive the most impact in drug development, and if foundation models can transform core drug discovery work and edtech. 00:00 intro00:59 Daphne’s journey09:02 AI and biology discovery10:42 insitro vs. traditional pharma19:47 phenotyping patients25:44 early mistakes29:34 the future of data35:16 partnering with larger pharma companies38:00 impact of LLMs on biopharma43:47 over-hyped/under-hyped

May 26, 2023 • 43min
Ep 23: Stanford Professor James Zou on the Economics, Regulation and Applications of AI in Healthcare
00:00 intro01:08 James’ background04:39 regulation of AI medical devices14:43 impact of foundation models on healthcare19:41 the future of cancer detection23:47 real-world control arms35:18 AI drift37:42 over-hyped/under-hyped40:03 most surprising AI interaction

May 9, 2023 • 49min
Ep 22: Dr. Ezekiel Emanuel on Our Relationship with Death and Bad Incentives in Research
Jacob and Nikhil sit down with Dr. Ezekiel Emanuel and discuss his reflections on his “Why I want to Die at 75” piece, how publishing/financial incentives harm research, doctors' increasing social isolation and his love of chocolate-making.

Apr 25, 2023 • 42min
Ep 21: Andy Coravos and Ashoka Rajendra on Hyperspecialization in Pharma R&D and Digital Biomarkers
Jacob sits down with HumanFirst CEO Andy Coravos and Orchestra CEO Ashoka Rajendra to discuss at home data collection in trials, Andy being an EIR at the FDA, why Benchling has been so successful and more.

Apr 11, 2023 • 47min
Ep 20: Andy Slavitt on Optum’s Evolution and Lessons from Obamacare and COVID
Andy Slavitt, former Optum EVP, head of CMS, COVID advisor and healthcare.gov saver joins Nikhil and Jacob to discuss public/private sector collaboration, Optum’s evolution, and his lessons on communication from COVID. Andy also shared his career journey, what he would do if he was running United today and how the private sector can work better with the public sector.

Mar 28, 2023 • 38min
Ep 19: Mike Kopko on ACO Reach and The Future of Health Exchanges
Jacob and Nikhil sit down with Mike Kopko, CEO and co-founder of Pearl Health to discuss Pearl’s care model and what it’s been like building the company as ACO Reach evolved. Mike also shares some great stories negotiating claims in the early days of Oscar.

11 snips
Mar 16, 2023 • 39min
Ep 18: Dr. Jeffrey Kang on CVS/Walgreens' Role in Healthcare and The Future of Risk Adjustment and Senior Care
Jacob and Nikhil sit down with Dr. Jeffrey Kang, CEO of WellBe Senior Medical, and former President of ChenMed, SVP Health and Wellness Solutions at Walgreens, CMO at Cigna, CMO at CMS and CEO of Urban Medical Group. They discuss risk adjustment, retailers in healthcare and how healthcare has/hasn't changed since his work doing risk-based care for complex patients and at CMS in the 80s and 90s.
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