
Vital Signs with Jacob Effron and Nikhil Krishnan
On Vital Signs, Jacob Effron and Nikhil Krishnan dig into cutting-edge trends in healthtech and the people shaping them. Every two weeks they’ll explore a new sub-sector and trend with policy leaders, startup founders and industry executives.
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Latest episodes

Feb 13, 2024 • 1h 14min
Ep 38: Oscar Co-Founder Mario Schlosser on Lessons from Implementing LLMs and How AI Will Impact Healthcare
Mario Schlosser, Co-Founder of Oscar Health, discusses the impact of AI in healthcare, limitations of GPT-4, and why we can't have robot doctors. They also talk about sharing AI knowledge, developing healthcare-specific models, and the need for a safety layer in LLMs. Other topics include commercial opportunities in healthcare, the possibility of AI doctors, and overhyped/underhyped aspects of AI. Oscar Health's unique approach and their interest in exploring AI use cases in gaming are also highlighted.

Jan 30, 2024 • 42min
Ep 37: Centene Corporation CEO Sarah London on Centene’s Strategy and Innovating in Medicaid
Sarah London, CEO of Centene Corporation, discusses Medicaid partnerships and redeterminations, SDoH innovation and outcomes, and payers vertically expanding their ownership. They also explore the potential of Gen AI in healthcare and the evolving landscape of individual health insurance.

Dec 12, 2023 • 51min
Ep 36: Dr. Ezekiel Emanuel on Why Healthcare Reform is so Hard and the Future of Hospitals
Jacob sits down with Dr. Ezekiel Emanuel again to discuss the future of health policy and care delivery, hyped innovations in healthcare, market trends among payers and providers, and more. (0:00) intro(0:57) generative AI(4:08) the ethics of NOT using AI(7:04) ML-based risk adjustment(11:46) why didn’t hospitals become payers?(19:37) what does the future of hospitals look like?(26:15) can insurance cover mental health treatment for everybody?(29:45) GLP-1s(35:02) the future of healthcare policy(41:07) what should we be learning from the way other countries do healthcare?(45:57) Ben Franklin(49:37) Zeke Bar update Out-Of-Pocket: https://www.outofpocket.health/

Nov 28, 2023 • 51min
Ep 35: Cityblock CEO Dr. Toyin Ajayi on the Current and Future State of Medicaid Innovation
Jacob and Nikhil sit down with Toyin Ajayi, Co-Founder and CEO of Cityblock Health, an SDoH-focused provider of primary care, behavioral health, and chronic disease management for Medicaid and dual eligible patients. They discuss innovating in Medicaid, engaging patients with digital solutions, building sustainable companies, and more. (0:00) intro(0:50) the state of Medicaid innovation today(2:33) Toyin’s time at Commonwealth(7:33) incubators in the current climate(11:02) biggest risks starting Cityblock(14:46) surprises in building Cityblock(23:06) how Cityblock chooses which services to offer and which to outsource(29:22) lower acuity patients(33:23) state-by-state differences(37:59) policy changes to improve Medicaid(42:15) a shift towards profitability(45:01) generative AI Out-Of-Pocket: https://www.outofpocket.health/

16 snips
Nov 14, 2023 • 55min
Ep 34: Pomelo Care CEO Marta Bralic Kerns on Improving Maternity Care & How to Sell to Payers
Marta Bralic Kerns, Founder and CEO of Pomelo Care, discusses payer contracting, career advice for startups, and the pressing issue of maternity care in the US. They also talk about the challenges faced by OB practices, different types of practitioners in maternity care, and the importance of building an EHR as part of a business strategy.

Nov 2, 2023 • 43min
Ep 33: Aledade CEO Farzad Mostashari on Managing $20B in Healthcare Spending and Lessons on Succeeding in Value-Based Care
Farzad Mostashari, CEO of Aledade, discusses the success of value-based care, barriers for Medicaid models, and the competitiveness of acquiring new practices. He also shares his insights on overhyped and underhyped aspects of health tech and the use of AI in healthcare. The speakers delve into the need for market competition, advancements in technology, and the impact of retailers acquiring at-risk providers.

Oct 17, 2023 • 42min
Ep 32: Heather Fernandez (Solv CEO) on Reinventing Last-Minute Care
Jacob and Nikhil speak with Heather Fernandez, CEO and Co-Founder of Solv, a company that focuses on getting people access to high-quality, last-minute care. Heather discusses the future of urgent care, operating a digital health company during Covid, crafting a strong go-to-market strategy, the role of private equity in urgent care, and more. (0:00) intro(3:07) what is Solv?(10:50) why is scheduling so bad in healthcare?(16:03) is urgent care a net good?(20:35) areas where urgent care can improve(24:07) will urgent and longitudinal care combine somehow?(25:31) Solv during Covid(32:54) state by state healthcare nuances(39:16) private equity and urgent care Out-Of-Pocket: https://www.outofpocket.health/

Oct 4, 2023 • 44min
Ep 31: Mark Cuban on Disrupting PBMs, Staying Curious & Using AI to Avoid NBA Fines
Mark Cuban, owner of the Dallas Mavericks, discusses his pharmaceutical startup, disrupting PBMs, the future of AI in healthcare, and why he doesn't put his name on buildings.

Sep 21, 2023 • 46min
Ep 30: Marley Medical CEO Chris Hogg on Which Health Tech GTM Models Are Best and Using AI in Care
Chris Hogg, CEO of Marley Medical, discusses selecting markets, go-to-market strategies, and using AI in healthcare. They explore the challenges of B2B2C models, standing out from the competition, and the potential of AI in personalized care programs. They also discuss integrating virtual care with in-person components and the future of consumer-driven healthcare.

12 snips
Aug 15, 2023 • 48min
Ep 29: Omada Health CEO Sean Duffy on Evolving Employer Pricing, Incorporating GLP-1s and Using LLMs
Jacob and Nikhil sit down with Omada Health's CEO, Sean Duffy, to discuss evolving employer pricing, incorporating GLP-1s, and using LLMs. They also touch on the Livongo-Teladoc merger, coining the term 'digital therapeutics,' and policy changes that could improve healthcare.
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