Tim Podlogar, PhD, is a Research Fellow at the University of Brimingham, Assistant Professor at the University of Primorska (Slovenia), and nutritionist for the Bora Hansgrohe World Tour cycling team. One of Tim's main areas of expertise is the science and practice of carbohydrates in endurance sports, and this is the topic for today's interview.          IN THIS EPISODE YOU'LL LEARN ABOUT: -Carbohydrates before, during, and after competition -When and why to use glucose and fructose -Is 120 g/h carbohydrate feeding superior to the commonly recommended 90 g/h?  -Training in a glycogen-depleted state -Reverse engineering your carbohydrate intake by looking at upcoming workout demands -Continuous blood-glucose monitoring -Training the gut SHOWNOTES: https://scientifictriathlon.com/tts354/ SCIENTIFIC TRIATHLON AND THAT TRIATHLON SHOW WEBPAGE: www.scientifictriathlon.com/podcast/ SPONSORS: Precision Fuel & Hydration - Optimise and individualise your fueling and hydration strategy using their FREE Fuel & Hydration planner. Book a FREE one-on-one consultation to chat with the team and refine your fueling and hydration even further. Listeners of That Triathlon Show get 15% off their first order of fueling and hydration products. If you didn't catch the discount code in the episode, email Andy and the team at hello@pfandh.com and they will be happy to help.  ZEN8 - The ZEN8 Indoor Swim Trainer is a one of a kind swim bench for time-crunched triathletes looking to improve their swim technique, power and propulsion, and consistency of swim training. It is very affordable, about the price of a pair of running shoes, and Zen8 offer free shipping in the US and the UK. Best of all, you can try it risk-free. If you don't love it after two weeks, send it back and get a full refund. Get 20% off your order at zen8swimtrainer.com/tts. LINKS AND RESOURCES: Tim's website, Instagram and Twitter Nutrition at the cycling World Tour level with Robert Gorgos (Bora-Hansgrohe nutritionist) | EP#267 RED-S (Relative Energy Deficiency in Sports) with Margo Mountjoy | EP#233 The menstrual cycle and oral contraception – impact on exercise performance with Kelly McNulty | EP#280 Carbohydrate intake in racing – a case for going very high with Aitor Viribay Morales (Astana Pro Team) | EP#269 Musculoskeletal adaptations, “train low” strategies, and muscle fiber types with prof. John Hawley | EP#248 High carbohydrate, low carbohydrate, or periodised carbohydrate intake with Louise Burke, PhD | EP#236 High rates of fat oxidation are maintained after the sleep low approach despite delayed carbohydrate feeding during exercise (NB. Delayed feeding in train-low strategies) - Podlogar et al 2021 (full text link) Increased exogenous but unaltered endogenous carbohydrate oxidation with combined fructose-maltodextrin ingested at 120 g h -1 versus 90 g h -1 at different ratios (NB. 90 g/h vs. 120 g/h carbohydrate) - Podlogar et al. 2022 Progressive increase in glucose transport and GLUT-4 in human sarcolemmal vesicles during moderate exercise (NB. GLUT4 needs time to be translocated to the muscle membrane - reason for progressive feeding) - Kristiansen et al. 1997 Muscle glycogen utilization during prolonged strenuous exercise when fed carbohydrate (NB. No muscle glycogen sparing with CHO but prolonged endurance -> yet blood CHO source then rescues low muscle glycogen levels -> so 120 might be better than 90 if being able to oxidise it) - Coyle et al. 1986 Glucose Plus Fructose Ingestion for Post-Exercise Recovery-Greater than the Sum of Its Parts? (NB. Why fructose?) - Gonzalez et al. 2017 Performance effects of periodized carbohydrate restriction in endurance trained athletes - a systematic review and meta-analysis (NB. review of CHO restriction) - Gejl & Nybo 2021 Effect of Carbohydrate Content in a Pre-event Meal on Endurance Performance-Determining Factors: A Randomized Controlled Crossover-Trial (NB. Blood glucose rises similarly as lactate on a graded test) - Aandahl et al. 2021 "Addition of fructose to a carbohydrate-rich breakfast improves cycling endurance capacity in trained cyclists" (NB. Breakfast study) - Podlogar et al. Will be published in the International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. Exercise Physiology: Theory and Application to Fitness and Performance - Book by Scott Powers et al.  RATE AND REVIEW: If you enjoy the show, please help me out by subscribing, rating and reviewing: www.scientifictriathlon.com/rate/ CONTACT: Want to send feedback, questions or just chat? Email me at mikael@scientifictriathlon.com or connect on Instagram, Facebook, or Twitter.

Bex Milnes is the Lead Paratriathlon Coach at British Triathlon's performance centre in Loughborough, where she coaches Paralympic and Commonwealth Games medalists like George Peasgood and Claire Cashmore. She is also the coach of top-class long-course triathletes like her partner Nikki Bartlett and India Lee. In this interview we discuss Bex' approach to triathlon training and coaching, differences and similarities between training for short-course and long-course triathlon, insights into paratriathlon training, and more.      IN THIS EPISODE YOU'LL LEARN ABOUT: -Understanding the demands of the event you're training for -Key principles for improving swim, bike, and run performance -Differences and similarities between long-course and short-course training -Training in a group - how to maximise the benefits and mitigate potential pitfalls -Testing and physiology -Insights into paratriathlon training, coaching and challenges SHOWNOTES: https://scientifictriathlon.com/tts353/ SCIENTIFIC TRIATHLON AND THAT TRIATHLON SHOW WEBPAGE: www.scientifictriathlon.com/podcast/ SPONSORS: Precision Fuel & Hydration - Optimise and individualise your fueling and hydration strategy using their FREE Fuel & Hydration planner. Book a FREE one-on-one consultation to chat with the team and refine your fueling and hydration even further. Listeners of That Triathlon Show get 15% off their first order of fueling and hydration products. If you didn't catch the discount code in the episode, email Andy and the team at hello@pfandh.com and they will be happy to help.  ROKA - Exceptional quality triathlon wetsuits, trisuits, swimskins, goggles, performance sunglasses as well as prescription eyeglasses and sunglasses.  Online vision test for prescription updates and home try-on options available for eyeglasses. Ships from the US, UK and EU. Trusted by world-leading athletes such as  Lucy Charles-Barclay, Javier Gómez Noya, Flora Duffy, Morgan Pearson, Summer Rappaport and others in triathlon, cycling, speed skating, and many more. Visit roka.com/tts for 20% off your order. LINKS AND RESOURCES: Bex' website and Instagram Training, tech and physiology with Mikael Eriksson and Matthew DesRoaches | EP#352 Muscle fiber types, recovery and training adaptations, and overreaching with Phil Bellinger, PhD | EP#297 Black and White: The Way I See It - book by Richard Williams (father of Venus and Serena Williams) RATE AND REVIEW: If you enjoy the show, please help me out by subscribing, rating and reviewing: www.scientifictriathlon.com/rate/ CONTACT: Want to send feedback, questions or just chat? Email me at mikael@scientifictriathlon.com or connect on Instagram, Facebook, or Twitter.

This is a conversation between Mikael Eriksson and Matthew DesRoches (of Resilience Health and Performance Consulting) that originally aired on Matthew's podcast Oxidative Potential.       IN THIS EPISODE YOU'LL LEARN ABOUT: -Power-duration modelling, lab testing, and software-based physiological testing -Training monitoring -A different approach to swim training -Revisiting the fundamentals of exercise physiology -Technology and diagnostic tools SHOWNOTES: https://scientifictriathlon.com/tts352/ SCIENTIFIC TRIATHLON AND THAT TRIATHLON SHOW WEBPAGE: www.scientifictriathlon.com/podcast/ SPONSORS: ROKA - Exceptional quality triathlon wetsuits, trisuits, swimskins, goggles, performance sunglasses as well as prescription eyeglasses and sunglasses.  Online vision test for prescription updates and home try-on options available for eyeglasses. Ships from the US, UK and EU. Trusted by world-leading athletes such as  Lucy Charles-Barclay, Javier Gómez Noya, Flora Duffy, Morgan Pearson, Summer Rappaport and others in triathlon, cycling, speed skating, and many more. Visit roka.com/tts for 20% off your order. ZEN8 - The ZEN8 Indoor Swim Trainer is a one of a kind swim bench for time-crunched triathletes looking to improve their swim technique, power and propulsion, and consistency of swim training. It is very affordable, about the price of a pair of running shoes, and Zen8 offer free shipping in the US and the UK. Best of all, you can try it risk-free. If you don't love it after two weeks, send it back and get a full refund. Get 20% off your order at zen8swimtrainer.com/tts. LINKS AND RESOURCES: Matthew's website and Instagram Oxidative Potential Podcast (with Matthew DesRoches and Phil Batterson) Exercise Physiology: Human Bioenergetics and Its Applications - George Brooks, Thomas Fahey and Kenneth Baldwin Muscle fiber types, recovery and training adaptations, and overreaching with Phil Bellinger, PhD | EP#297 RATE AND REVIEW: If you enjoy the show, please help me out by subscribing, rating and reviewing: www.scientifictriathlon.com/rate/ CONTACT: Want to send feedback, questions or just chat? Email me at mikael@scientifictriathlon.com or connect on Instagram, Facebook, or Twitter.

Christian Cheung is a PhD student and researcher in the Human Performance and Health Research Laboratory at the University of Guelph, Canada. Christian's current research is focusing on the use of cannabis and cannabinoids, like CBD, in endurance sports. In this interview, we discuss the evidence for efficacy and safety of CBD and cannabinoids, as well as important anti-doping perspectives.          IN THIS EPISODE YOU'LL LEARN ABOUT: -Cannabis, cannabinoids, CBD and THC: known effects and use cases in general and in sports -CBD and its effects on sleep and anxiety, pain and inflammation, and neuroprotection -Anti-doping considerations of CBD products and cannabinoids -Different types of CBD consumption modes and dosage -Practical recommendations for endurance athletes SHOWNOTES: https://scientifictriathlon.com/tts351/ SCIENTIFIC TRIATHLON AND THAT TRIATHLON SHOW WEBPAGE: www.scientifictriathlon.com/podcast/ SPONSORS: Precision Fuel & Hydration - Optimise and individualise your fueling and hydration strategy using their FREE Fuel & Hydration planner. Book a FREE one-on-one consultation to chat with the team and refine your fueling and hydration even further. Listeners of That Triathlon Show get 15% off their first order of fueling and hydration products. If you didn't catch the discount code in the episode, email Andy and the team at hello@pfandh.com and they will be happy to help.  ZEN8 - The ZEN8 Indoor Swim Trainer is a one of a kind swim bench for time-crunched triathletes looking to improve their swim technique, power and propulsion, and consistency of swim training. It is very affordable, about the price of a pair of running shoes, and Zen8 offer free shipping in the US and the UK. Best of all, you can try it risk-free. If you don't love it after two weeks, send it back and get a full refund. Get 20% off your order at zen8swimtrainer.com/tts. LINKS AND RESOURCES: Christian's LinkedIn, Twitter and Research Gate profiles Cannabis and Athletic Performance - Burr et al. 2021 Risk of unintentional antidoping rule violations by consumption of hemp products - Mareck et al. 2022 Cannabinoid Dose and Label Accuracy in Edible Medical Cannabis Products - Vandrey et al. 2015 Cannabis in Sport: Anti-Doping Perspective - Huestis et al. 2013 Endure: Mind, Body, and the Curiously Elastic Limits of Human Performance - Book by Alex Hutchinson RATE AND REVIEW: If you enjoy the show, please help me out by subscribing, rating and reviewing: www.scientifictriathlon.com/rate/ CONTACT: Want to send feedback, questions or just chat? Email me at mikael@scientifictriathlon.com or connect on Instagram, Facebook, or Twitter.

Tim Reed is an Australian coach and professional triathlete with an IM70.3 World Championship title from 2016 to his name, along with multiple Ironman and IM70.3 wins. In this interview we dive deep into Tim's perspectives on training and coaching, as well as how to perform the best when it matters the most, on race day.    IN THIS EPISODE YOU'LL LEARN ABOUT: -Tim's key principles for improving swim, bike, and run performance in the context of long-distance triathlon -The importance of strength training -Training for time-crunched athletes -Race selection and periodisation -Tapering -How to get the most out of yourself on race day SHOWNOTES: https://scientifictriathlon.com/tts350/ SCIENTIFIC TRIATHLON AND THAT TRIATHLON SHOW WEBPAGE: www.scientifictriathlon.com/podcast/ SPONSORS: Precision Fuel & Hydration - Optimise and individualise your fueling and hydration strategy using their FREE Fuel & Hydration planner. Book a FREE one-on-one consultation to chat with the team and refine your fueling and hydration even further. Listeners of That Triathlon Show get 15% off their first order of fueling and hydration products. If you didn't catch the discount code in the episode, email Andy and the team at hello@pfandh.com and they will be happy to help.  ROKA - Exceptional quality triathlon wetsuits, trisuits, swimskins, goggles, performance sunglasses as well as prescription eyeglasses and sunglasses.  Online vision test for prescription updates and home try-on options available for eyeglasses. Ships from the US, UK and EU. Trusted by world-leading athletes such as  Lucy Charles-Barclay, Javier Gómez Noya, Flora Duffy, Morgan Pearson, Summer Rappaport and others in triathlon, cycling, speed skating, and many more. Visit roka.com/tts for 20% off your order. LINKS AND RESOURCES: Tim's personal website and Instagram RPG Coaching website and Instagram Training and Racing with a Power Meter - book by Hunter Allen, Andy Coggan and Stephen McGregor RATE AND REVIEW: If you enjoy the show, please help me out by subscribing, rating and reviewing: www.scientifictriathlon.com/rate/ CONTACT: Want to send feedback, questions or just chat? Email me at mikael@scientifictriathlon.com or connect on Instagram, Facebook, or Twitter.

A bonus episode, including a Q&A with listener questions, and announcements about training camps and a new training plan.      IN THIS EPISODE YOU'LL LEARN ABOUT: -Weight loss before an A-race -How many intensity sessions to do per week? -How to mentally deal with injury -Getting into triathlon after many years off - how to structure training?   SCIENTIFIC TRIATHLON AND THAT TRIATHLON SHOW WEBPAGE: www.scientifictriathlon.com/podcast/   LINKS AND RESOURCES: Scientific Triathlon training camp: Mallorca 2023 (March) Scientific Triathlon training camp: Algarve 2023 (January) New Advanced Sprint Distance Training Plan. Get it for 60% off until the 14th of August by using the discount code "ADVANCEDSPRINT". (If you use a running power meter and would like to get the same plan but with the Training Peaks structured workouts set in Run Power rather than Pace, choose this version of the plan) The mental and emotional rollercoaster of dealing with injury with Carrie Cheadle | EP#118 Carrie Jackson's (née Cheadle) website, with resources (like podcast and book) for injured athletes   RATE AND REVIEW: If you enjoy the show, please help me out by subscribing, rating and reviewing: www.scientifictriathlon.com/rate/   CONTACT: Want to send feedback, questions or just chat? Email me at mikael@scientifictriathlon.com or connect on Instagram, Facebook, or Twitter.

Andy Renfree, PhD, is a sports and exercise scientist with a background in and passion for running. In this interview, we discuss one of Andy's main areas of expertise, the science of pacing. We also have a more general discussion about training, sports science, and the integration of the two.       IN THIS EPISODE YOU'LL LEARN ABOUT: -The science of pacing -Practical recommendations for improved pacing -The messy reality of training and the implications for athletes and coaches -The role of sports science in training and coaching SHOWNOTES: https://scientifictriathlon.com/tts349/ SCIENTIFIC TRIATHLON AND THAT TRIATHLON SHOW WEBPAGE: www.scientifictriathlon.com/podcast/ SPONSORS: ROKA - Exceptional quality triathlon wetsuits, trisuits, swimskins, goggles, performance sunglasses as well as prescription eyeglasses and sunglasses.  Online vision test for prescription updates and home try-on options available for eyeglasses. Ships from the US, UK and EU. Trusted by world-leading athletes such as  Lucy Charles-Barclay, Javier Gómez Noya, Flora Duffy, Morgan Pearson, Summer Rappaport and others in triathlon, cycling, speed skating, and many more. Visit roka.com/tts for 20% off your order. ZEN8 - The ZEN8 Indoor Swim Trainer is a one of a kind swim bench for time-crunched triathletes looking to improve their swim technique, power and propulsion, and consistency of swim training. It is very affordable, about the price of a pair of running shoes, and Zen8 offer free shipping in the US and the UK. Best of all, you can try it risk-free. If you don't love it after two weeks, send it back and get a full refund. Get 20% off your order at zen8swimtrainer.com/tts. LINKS AND RESOURCES: Andy's blog, Twitter and Research Gate A selection of studies on pacing from Andy and his colleagues Influence of an Enforced Fast-Start on 10-km Running Performance - Carmo et al. 2015 The Influence of Collective Behavior on Pacing in Endurance Competitions - Renfree et al. 2015 Effects of different goal orientations and virtual opponents performance level on pacing strategy and performance in cycling time trials - Carmo et al. 2021 Affective Feelings and Perceived Exertion During a 10-km Time Trial and Head-to-Head Running Race - Carmo et al. 2020 Risk Perception Influences Athletic Pacing Strategy - Micklewright et al. 2014 The influence of performance level, age and gender on pacing strategy during a 100-km ultramarathon - Renfree et al. 2015 Antifragile: Things That Gain from Disorder by Nassim Nicholas Taleb Athletics: How to become a champion by Percy Cerutty RATE AND REVIEW: If you enjoy the show, please help me out by subscribing, rating and reviewing: www.scientifictriathlon.com/rate/ CONTACT: Want to send feedback, questions or just chat? Email me at mikael@scientifictriathlon.com or connect on Instagram, Facebook, or Twitter.

Dr Fabian Urban is a systemic performance coach with a background in behavioural economics. He works with people in leadership and business roles as well as with athletes, to help them maximise their performance in sports or business. Fabian worked with pro triathlete Florian Angert in the lead-up to his fantastic 5th place finish at the Ironman World Championships in St George, which we discuss as a case study in the interview.         IN THIS EPISODE YOU'LL LEARN ABOUT: -What is systemic performance coaching -Finding your knots or barriers -Developing a mission -Using mental images -How Fabian worked with Florian Angert (for more than 100 hours) to help him perform to his potential in the Ironman World Championships in St George -How age-group athletes can use systemic coaching principles in triathlon and in their professional lives SHOWNOTES: https://scientifictriathlon.com/tts348/ SCIENTIFIC TRIATHLON AND THAT TRIATHLON SHOW WEBPAGE: www.scientifictriathlon.com/podcast/ SPONSORS: Precision Fuel & Hydration - Optimise and individualise your fueling and hydration strategy using the free Fuel & Hydration planner on precisionfuelandhydration.com. Book a free one-on-one consultation to chat with the team and refine your fueling and hydration even further. Listeners of That Triathlon Show get 15% off their first order of fueling and hydration products. If you didn't catch the discount code in the episode, email Andy and the team at hello@precicionhydration.com and they will be happy to help.  ZEN8 - The ZEN8 Indoor Swim Trainer is a one of a kind swim bench for time-crunched triathletes looking to improve their swim technique, power and propulsion, and consistency of swim training. It is very affordable, about the price of a pair of running shoes, and Zen8 offer free shipping in the US and the UK. Best of all, you can try it risk-free. If you don't love it after two weeks, send it back and get a full refund. Get 20% off your order at zen8swimtrainer.com/tts. LINKS AND RESOURCES: Fabian's LinkedIn, Instagram and email (right click and select "Copy email address")   Breaking Barriers website and House of Leadership website The Art of Somatic Coaching: Embodying Skillful Action, Wisdom, and Compassion - book by Richard Strozzi-Heckler Leadership by Personality: Von der emotionalen zur spirituellen Führung - Ein Dialog - book by Rolf Arnold Philipp Seipp – coach of Sebastian Kienle and Laura Philipp | EP#219 Sports psychology and applied neuroscience with Simon Marshall, PhD and Lesley Paterson | EP#282 Practical application of sports psychology for triathletes with Dr. JoAnn Dahlkoetter | EP#108 RATE AND REVIEW: If you enjoy the show, please help me out by subscribing, rating and reviewing: www.scientifictriathlon.com/rate/ CONTACT: Want to send feedback, questions or just chat? Email me at mikael@scientifictriathlon.com or connect on Instagram, Facebook, or Twitter.

Cecile Reynaud, PhD, has an impressive resume coaching volleyball and in leadership roles in various organisations. She is also an author, and most recently published a book called "Winning ways of women coaches", where a large number of successful women coaches discuss various aspects of the profession. In this interview, we discuss the topic of women in coaching across any sport, spanning a range of topics from policy to personal development.   IN THIS EPISODE YOU'LL LEARN ABOUT: -The current state of women in coaching -What can be done to increase the number of women coaches generally, and at the highest level in both women's and men's sports? -What it means for women's coaching in triathlon that the sport is on its way to becoming an official NCAA sport -Considerations for women who want to pursue a career in coaching, or want to advance their career -Leadership and personal well-being in coaching  SHOWNOTES: https://scientifictriathlon.com/tts347/ SCIENTIFIC TRIATHLON AND THAT TRIATHLON SHOW WEBPAGE: www.scientifictriathlon.com/podcast/ SPONSORS: Precision Fuel & Hydration - Optimise and individualise your fueling and hydration strategy using the free Fuel & Hydration planner on precisionfuelandhydration.com. Book a free one-on-one consultation to chat with the team and refine your fueling and hydration even further. Listeners of That Triathlon Show get 15% off their first order of fueling and hydration products. If you didn't catch the discount code in the episode, email Andy and the team at hello@precicionhydration.com and they will be happy to help.  ROKA - Exceptional quality triathlon wetsuits, trisuits, swimskins, goggles, performance sunglasses as well as prescription eyeglasses and sunglasses.  Online vision test for prescription updates and home try-on options available for eyeglasses. Ships from the US, UK and EU. Trusted by world-leading athletes such as  Lucy Charles-Barclay, Javier Gómez Noya, Flora Duffy, Morgan Pearson, Summer Rappaport and others in triathlon, cycling, speed skating, and many more. Visit roka.com/tts for 20% off your order. LINKS AND RESOURCES: Cecile's profile page and books (on Human Kinetics) Winning Ways of Women Coaches - book by Cecile Reynaud RATE AND REVIEW: If you enjoy the show, please help me out by subscribing, rating and reviewing: www.scientifictriathlon.com/rate/ CONTACT: Want to send feedback, questions or just chat? Email me at mikael@scientifictriathlon.com or connect on Instagram, Facebook, or Twitter.

Andy Blow, Founder of Precision Fuel & Hydration, discusses the science and practice of using caffeine in endurance events. Topics include caffeine as an ergogenic aid, when to use caffeine before and during the event, the impact of event duration on caffeine intake, and case studies from top triathletes.