This podcast discusses the limitations of BMI as a measure of obesity. Scientists are calling for alternative metrics that consider age, sex, and race. The history and flaws of BMI are explored, highlighting the lack of correlation between BMI and mortality risk. The importance of considering factors other than weight in assessing health outcomes is emphasized. Challenges of using BMI as a diagnostic tool and efforts to redefine obesity are discussed. The introduction of EOSS as a more comprehensive measure of obesity is explored, taking into account physical, mental, and functional health.

Researchers use seismology to study Mars' interior structure. New research reveals the size and composition of Mars' core. Challenges in analyzing Marsquakes and capturing clear seismic data. Insights into Mars' core composition and its implications for the planet's evolution. Insightlander's data collection ends due to a malfunctioning seismometer.

Researchers use AI and animal sounds to monitor wildlife recovery during forest restoration. Algae-based living materials that glow when squeezed and a 50-million-year-old bat skull with ancient echolocation skills are discussed. The influence of food texture on eating habits and the neuroscience of sleep are explored. The potential use of AI to study sleep and promote a Nature Plus subscription are also mentioned.

Researchers discuss a new RNA-based anti-CRISPR system that protects viruses. The podcast also covers the powerful Viking queen, a fluffy exoplanet, Greenland's ice sheet melt, variation in ecological research results, and creating a solid surface on the moon.

Engineered pig kidneys transplanted into monkeys show promise for human transplantation, with genetic modifications reducing immune system attacks and infection risks. The podcast also discusses babies' mild cases of COVID-19 due to nasal immune systems and a new 3D printing technique. Additionally, it explores the neuronal basis of how our brains count numbers and the challenges faced by a spacecraft telescope's pointing system.

Computer scientists Shobhana Narasimhan and Sana Odeh discuss gender biases and challenges facing women in STEM fields. They explore the importance of gender diversity in computer science, discrimination in the job market, and the need for cultural change. The podcast also addresses solutions for eliminating barriers and the responsibility of society in addressing gender biases in academia.

Astronomers express concern about bright satellites obstructing observations, including BlueWalker 3. Carrot genetics and self-healing diamond discoveries are discussed. The diet of a 400-million-year-old trilobite revealed. The Nobel Prize winners for mRNA vaccine development and atosecond pulse research are mentioned.

Researchers are trialling the controversial strategy of assisted migration to save the endangered swamp tortoise. The aim is to test whether the animals can tolerate cooler climates and ensure their species' future. Attitudes towards assisted migration are changing, and similar projects are being conducted to protect animals at risk from climate change. The podcast discusses the concept of assisted migration and its potential benefits for endangered species, including cases of egg-laying reptiles, green sea turtles, mountain pygmy possums, and black-footed albatross chicks. Efforts to protect the swamp tortoise, its challenges, and uncertainties for juvenile tortoises are also explored.

Learn about the dangers of AI deepfakes and the efforts being made to combat them. Discover ultra-accurate measurement of Earth's day-length and the unique survival tactic of snow flies. Uncover evidence of ancient woodworking and its implications for early hominins. Explore the excitement and precautions surrounding the landing of the Osiris Rex mission capsule. Discuss the future of sample return missions and the importance of protecting archaeological sites.

Researchers have discovered new stem cells in the spine that may be involved in the selective spread of cancer to this site. The podcast also explores the preference of certain percussion instruments among palm cockatoos and the math behind waiting in crowded places. Additionally, the effectiveness of MDMA in treating PTSD is discussed, as well as the upgraded X-ray laser that will allow researchers to capture ultra-crisp 'molecular movies' of chemical reactions.