Discover how portable optical clocks are revolutionizing timekeeping, the genetic secrets behind marsupial gliding membranes, AI overtraining for novel solutions, and the accidental creation of a freestanding 2D layer of gold atoms.
Portable optical clocks combine precision with portability for mobile applications like GPS systems.
Mutations near gene Emx2 drove marsupials' evolution of gliding membranes for tree-to-tree travel.
Deep dives
Optical Clocks vs. Microwave Clocks: Precision and Portability
Optical clocks, utilizing higher frequency visible light, outperform microwave atomic clocks in terms of precision. However, optical clocks have been limited to lab environments due to their fragility and size. A recent Nature publication introduces a portable clock that combines the precision of optical clocks with the portability of microwave clocks. The clock uses molecular iodine atoms, known for their robustness, and reliable laser technology to simplify the design. It achieves high precision while being compact, making it ideal for mobile applications like scientific experiments and potential integration into GPS systems.
Testing Optical Clock Durability at Sea
The newly developed portable optical clock underwent a rigorous three-week trial on a New Zealand Navy ship. It maintained high performance despite challenging conditions like temperature variations and ship motions. The clock's precision rivaled that of advanced atomic clocks used in GPS base stations, hinting at its potential for mobile applications like improving global navigation systems and scientific research at sea.
Goldine: A Breakthrough in 2D Material Research
Goldine, a single layer of gold atoms, was successfully created using innovative methods inspired by Japanese knife-making techniques. This atom-thick gold layer exhibits unique properties and potential applications, such as catalysis and semiconductors. The discovery of goldine expands the possibilities in the field of 2D materials, sparking interest in exploring its diverse uses in various industrial processes.
Unlocking Potential in Multi-Material 2D Structures
The successful synthesis of goldine opens doors to further research in creating multi-material 2D structures. Scientists are eager to explore combining goldine with other metals like iridium, platinum, and palladium to unlock novel chemical and catalytic properties. This breakthrough sets the stage for developing flat sandwiches of various materials with intriguing applications across diverse fields of science and technology.
Optical atomic clocks are the most precise timekeeping devices on the planet, but these devices are huge and difficult to work with, limiting their use outside of the lab. Now, researchers have developed a portable optical clock and demonstrated its robustness by sending it on a perilous sea journey. The team hope that this work will pave the way to more practical uses of optical clocks, such as on satellites where they could help improve the accuracy of GPS technologies.
Several marsupial species have evolved a membrane called a patagium that allows them to glide gracefully from tree to tree. Experiments show that mutations in areas of DNA around the gene Emx2 were key to the evolution of this ability, which has appeared independently in multiple marsupial species.