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Waves Move Energy, Not Matter
- A wave is a disturbance that travels through a medium carrying energy but not mass.
- Energy moves via successive vibrations of particles while the material itself stays largely in place.
Two Fundamental Wave Types
- Waves come as transverse or longitudinal depending on vibration direction versus travel direction.
- Transverse waves vibrate perpendicular to travel; longitudinal waves vibrate parallel to travel.
Sinusoids And Core Wave Properties
- Sinusoidal (sine/cosine) waves model most natural waves and can sum to form complex shapes.
- Key properties are amplitude, period, wavelength and frequency, linked by v = wavelength × frequency.