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Rome's Early Control and Location
- Early Rome, situated between Latin and Etruscan territories, was initially controlled by Etruscan kings.
- Rome's location on the Tiber River placed it at the heart of these distinct cultures.
Establishment of the Roman Republic
- Romans expelled their Etruscan king, Tarquin, around 509 BC, marking the beginning of the Roman Republic.
- A treaty signed with Carthage in 508 BC supports this date, as it doesn't mention a Roman king.
The Skull and the Capitoline Hill
- During the construction of a temple, Romans found a skull and interpreted it as a sign of Rome's destiny to lead Italy.
- The Latin word for head, "caput", is linked to this story and the naming of the Capitoline Hill.
