Margaret McCartney, a resident GP and evidence-based medicine expert, joins John Tregoning, a vaccine immunology professor, and Eleanor Riley, an immunology and infectious disease professor. They discuss the reality behind popular immune-boosting trends, from cold water swimming to supplements.
While cold water swimming is popular for purported immune benefits, its true advantages may lie more in social interaction and stress relief than direct immune enhancement.
Vaccination remains the most reliable method to boost immunity against specific diseases, highlighting the limited effectiveness of supplements like vitamin C for the general population.
Deep dives
The Immune System's Response to Infection
The immune system plays a crucial role in responding to infections, starting with an initial response when a virus, such as the flu, enters the body. The first exposure triggers innate immune responses that aim to inhibit virus replication, causing early symptoms like a sore throat and stuffy nose. As the virus replicates and spreads, more systemic symptoms manifest, such as fever and muscle aches. Understanding this infection arc highlights the intricate battle between pathogens and the body's defenses, emphasizing the vital role of an effective immune system.
The Benefits of Cold Water Swimming and Exercise
Cold water swimming has gained popularity among many who claim it reduces the frequency of illness, though its benefits may stem from the associated social interaction and adrenaline release. While studies show that regular, moderate exercise leads to improved immune responses, it might not necessarily reduce the frequency of acute respiratory infections but rather lessen their severity. Engaging in outdoor activities and enjoying nature can also contribute to lower stress levels, which in turn supports immune health. The collective notion among enthusiasts is that engaging in physical activities, whether through swimming or exercise, creates an environment that promotes overall well-being.
Debunking Immune System Myths and Boosting Strategies
Despite common beliefs about certain supplements and activities boosting immunity, evidence supporting their effectiveness is often lacking. High doses of vitamin C and multivitamins do not reliably enhance immune function for the general population, while vitamin D may only be beneficial in specific instances, such as in individuals with deficiencies. The podcast highlights the importance of vaccination as a well-established method for improving immunity against diseases like flu and COVID-19. Ultimately, adopting healthier lifestyle choices and avoiding known detriments, such as smoking and obesity, can have a more significant impact on one’s immune health.
From kombucha to cold water swims, sleep to supplements, so many things are claimed to help enhance your immune system. We investigate the evidence, and ask if it's possible to avoid catching a virus this winter (and still leave the house).
Plus, James braves 3.9 degree water to see for himself if cold water swimming has any affect on our immune systems.
Guests:
Margaret McCartney - Resident GP and expert in evidence-based medicine
John Tregoning - Professor in Vaccine Immunology at Imperial College London
Eleanor Riley - Professor of Immunology and Infectious Disease at University of Edinburgh
Presenter: James Gallagher
Producer: Hannah Robins
Content Editor: Holly Squire
The programme was produced in partnership with the Open University.
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