Professor Tara Spires-Jones, a leading expert at the University of Edinburgh, answers pressing listener questions about dementia. She discusses the impact of lifestyle choices on dementia risk and the balance between genetics and societal interventions in prevention. The episode also explores the fascinating potential of lion's mane mushrooms in combating cognitive decline, revealing both the excitement and skepticism tied to their benefits. Insights into various dementia types and the urgent need for research funding round out this enlightening conversation.

Dr Ed Hutchinson, a Virologist from the University of Glasgow, discusses the recent threat of H5N1 bird flu, emphasizing its potential to evolve into a pandemic. He explains new regulations in the UK and the surprising impact of bird flu in U.S. dairy cattle. Dr Vanessa Apea, a Consultant in Genito-urinary and HIV medicine, addresses urinary incontinence, sharing insights on its emotional toll and treatment options. The importance of open discussions and pelvic floor exercises for managing urinary health is highlighted, making a sensitive topic more approachable.

Dr. Ellen Evans, a food safety expert at Cardiff Metropolitan University, discusses the risks of raw milk, emphasizing foodborne illnesses and the importance of hygiene in production. Jonny Crickmore, a third-generation farmer and chairman of the Raw Milk Producers Association, shares insights into consumer trends and the allure of raw milk as a perceived healthier choice. The conversation explores the health claims surrounding raw milk, the impact on children's health, and the delicate balance between consumer choice and safety regulations.

Margaret McCartney, a resident GP and evidence-based medicine expert, joins John Tregoning, a vaccine immunology professor, and Eleanor Riley, an immunology and infectious disease professor. They discuss the reality behind popular immune-boosting trends, from cold water swimming to supplements.

Alastair Lewis, a Professor of Atmospheric Chemistry at the University of York, shares expertise on improving indoor air quality. He discusses the serious health risks posed by mould, particularly for children with asthma. The conversation highlights a study by Imperial College examining indoor pollutants and the urgent need for effective mould management in homes. Alastair also emphasizes the importance of ventilation and the potential shift to electric cooking in reducing harmful emissions. Practical tips for maintaining cleaner air are provided throughout the discussion.

In the UK, around a third of British children have tooth decay. Just among the under-fives, it's a quarter - a figure that rises significantly in the most deprived areas.Tooth decay can cause speech development issues, embarrassment for children and in 2023, 15 million school days were missed due to tooth pain or treatment. There’s a financial cost too – in 2023 in England alone tooth extractions under a general anaesthetic cost the NHS £41 million.And it's totally preventable. So, how can we stop teeth rotting in the first place? One way initiative announced by the new Labour government is to expand supervised toothbrushing sessions to more children. We find out how these work with Oral Health Team Lead Helen Bullingham who supports nurseries and schools in East Sussex to deliver these programmes.But what about the evidence to support this intervention? Zoe Marshman, Professor of Dental Public Health at University of Sheffield, explains her findings and dental hygienist and researcher at King's College London Dr Claire McCarthy describes what parents should be doing, in an ideal world, at home. And finally, what role does sugar play and how can we get consumption down? Dr Nina Rogers from the Population Health Innovation Lab at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine explains her findings into the impact of the Sugar Drinks Industry Levy introduced in 2018.Presenter: James Gallagher Producers: Hannah Robins Content Editor: Holly SquireInside Health is a BBC Wales & West production for Radio 4, produced in partnership with The Open University.

Olympic cyclist Sir Chris Hoy is calling for more prostate cancer testing after he was diagnosed with terminal cancer. Prostate cancer can often present without symptoms, and for people like Sir Chris, this can mean it isn't diagnosed until it has spread and become incurable. Unlike breast, bowel, or cervical cancer, there is currently no national screening programme that routinely invites men for prostate cancer testing. Instead, men over 50 can request what's known as a PSA blood test from their GP, but it's not automatically offered. Sir Chris wants that to change and is calling for the test to be made more easily available for men under 50, especially those with a family history of prostate cancer. But, expanding prostate screening is a divisive issue. While it could help detect cancer earlier in some cases, there are potential drawbacks. Inside Health's James Gallagher talks with Professor Frank Chinegwundoh, Consultant Urological Surgeon at Barts Health NHS Trust, Professor Hashim Ahmed, Chair of Urology at Imperial College London and Inside Health's resident GP Dr Margaret McCartney about the evidence for and against prostate cancer screening - and whether Sir Chris's campaign could and should change the guidance. This programme was produced in partnership with The Open University.Presenter: James Gallagher Producer: Tom Bonnett Editor: Holly Squire

The first drugs to slow Alzheimer's progression have been making headlines around the world. For researchers in the field, the arrival of these two therapies called Lecanemab and Donanemab is testament to decades of advancements in the field of Alzheimer's research because for the first time they go further than modifying the symptoms and have been shown in trials to slow down cognitive decline. For patients and families these treatments offer hope that the amount of quality time they'll have together could be lengthened. Around the world regulatory bodies are weighing up their effectiveness, safety and cost. In the UK by the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) has approved Lecanemab and Donanemab for use but the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) rejected them for use in the NHS on the basis the benefit to patients did not outweight the cost, although they could still be available privately.Presenter James Gallagher examines the decision with Professor of Public Health Carol Brayne from the University of Cambridge and neuroscientist Professor Tara Spires-Jones from the University of Edinburgh. Then, looking forward, he meets scientists searching for future treatments including Dr Emma Mead, chief scientist at the Alzheimer's UK Drug Discovery Institute at the University of Oxford, Dr Ashvini Keshavan, co-lead of University College London's ADAPT blood biomarker trial, Selina Wray, Professor of Molecular Neuroscience and Alzheimer's Research UK Senior Research Fellow at University College London, and UK Dementia Research Institute Emerging Leader Dr Claire Durrant.This programme was produced in partnership with The Open University.Presenter: James Gallagher Producer: Tom Bonnett Editor: Holly Squire

Ken O'Halloran, a physiology professor specializing in sleep, discusses the controversial practice of mouth taping for better breathing. Suzi Zumpe and Keir Philip share insights from the ENO Breathe program, explaining how operatic techniques help those with Long-COVID improve their respiratory health. Guy Fincham reveals findings from his PhD research on the mental health benefits of breathwork. Together, these experts emphasize the profound impact our breathing has on overall well-being, from health improvements to enhancing confidence.

There are so many campaigns now to stop stigma and embarrassment - from Davina McCall talking about the menopause to Idris Elba campaigning for black men to get their prostate checked. And when we asked for your stories of how embarrassment impacts your health, our inbox was flooded with stories of incontinence, IBS, genital problems, skin issues, fertility troubles, fatty lumps and more - along with the huge and varied ways these issues are affecting your lives. So, how does embarrassment affect how we behave regarding our health, how can doctors and our health service adapt to alleviate it, and do awareness campaigns really help? To discuss James Gallagher is joined by:Dr Margaret McCartney, GP Dr Vanessa Apea, consultant in sexual health at Barts Health NHS Trust and Medical Director at Preventx Professor Ruth Parry, communications expert who studies clinician-patient interactions about sensitive issues. Plus, James gets some top tips to help alleviate embarrassment when talking to your doctor. Presenter: James Gallagher Producer: Hannah Robins Content Editor: Holly Squire Production Coordinator: Ismael SorianoThis programme was produced in partnership with The Open University.