SNR #166: Stephan Guyenet, PhD - The Neuroscience of Overeating & Regulation of Calorie Balance
Feb 21, 2017
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Stephan Guyenet, PhD, discusses overeating, appetite regulation, calorie balance, neuroscience, African Rift Valley, Hodza people's sugar intake, factors contributing to obesity, practicality of dieting, effects of marijuana on appetite.
Food properties such as fat, starch, sugar, protein, salt, and glutamate trigger dopamine release in the brain, reinforcing our behavior of seeking and eating those foods.
Genetics play a significant role in shaping our eating behavior, including food preferences and the ability to resist cravings or impulses.
Maintaining a diet with less palatable, calorie-dilute, and nutrient-dense foods can help control impulses and cravings, making it easier to maintain weight loss in the long term.
Deep dives
The Influence of Food Properties on Eating Behavior
The podcast episode discusses the importance of understanding the specific food properties that drive our behavior. It highlights that food is reinforcing, rewarding, and seductive, but not all foods have the same effect on us. The brain is hardwired to seek out specific food properties, such as fat, starch, sugar, protein, salt, and glutamate. When these nutrients are detected, dopamine is released in the brain, reinforcing our behavior of seeking and eating those foods. The podcast also emphasizes the importance of considering a broader perspective that includes a variety of food properties, rather than solely focusing on sugar as the main driver of overeating.
The Role of Genetics in Eating Behavior
The podcast highlights the significant influence of genetics on eating behavior, including food preferences and the ability to regulate behavior through willpower. Genetic differences impact our individual responses to different types of food and our ability to resist cravings or impulses. While the exact mechanisms behind these genetic differences are not fully understood, research suggests that genetics plays a crucial role in shaping our eating behavior and can partially explain why individuals have different reactions to certain foods.
The Implications of Food Quality for Weight Maintenance
The podcast emphasizes the importance of food quality in maintaining weight loss. While creating a calorie deficit is crucial for weight loss, the practicality and sustainability of a diet that solely focuses on calorie restriction are questioned. The podcast suggests that maintaining a diet with less palatable, calorie-dilute, and nutrient-dense foods can help control impulses and cravings, making it easier to maintain weight loss in the long term. It highlights the challenges of maintaining weight loss and the importance of choosing a sustainable diet strategy that supports long-term behavior change.
Effects of Marijuana on Food Intake and Appetite
The podcast explores research on the effects of marijuana, specifically THC, on food intake and appetite. THC activates the CB1 receptor in the brain, leading to increased food reward and seductiveness, commonly known as the 'munchies.' The research demonstrates a substantial increase in calorie intake, particularly in sweet and savory snacks, when individuals smoke marijuana. The discussion also highlights the opposing effects of a drug called romanobant, which acts in an opposite manner to THC, supporting weight loss. This topic serves as an illustration of the impact of brain chemistry on food motivation and cravings.
Differences in Regulatory Mechanisms Between Lean and Formerly Overweight Individuals
The podcast addresses the differences in regulatory mechanisms between individuals who have always been lean and those who have previously been overweight. Research suggests that individuals who have lost weight and reached a healthier weight experience a different set point in their body's regulatory system compared to those who have always been lean. The brain resists maintaining the lower weight, leading to a higher risk of rebound weight gain. Understanding these differences in regulatory mechanisms is crucial for developing sustainable weight maintenance strategies.
Episode 166: Stephan Guyenet, PhD discusses what drives us to overeat, factors affecting appetite regulation and calorie balance. Stephan is an obesity researcher, neurobiologist, and author. In addition to his research, he enjoys synthesizing and communicating science for a general audience over at his hugely successful blog. Stephan has a BS. in biochemistry (University of Virginia) and a PhD in neurobiology (University of Washington). He recently published the fantastic book 'The Hungry Brain', which dives into the causes of obesity from the perspective of overeating and related brain chemistry.
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