Cybernetics

Published in 1948, 'Cybernetics' by Norbert Wiener is a seminal work that applied theories of information and communication to both biological systems and machines.

It was the first conventionally published book to discuss electronic digital computing and introduced terms such as 'input', 'feedback', and 'output'.

Wiener's work foreshadowed the development of intelligent and replicating machines, complex organizational organisms, and the physiology and failure of the human nervous system.

The book represents an interdisciplinary approach to information systems, blending history, philosophy, mathematics, information and communication theory, computer science, and biology.