80,000 Hours Podcast

Ian Morris, a historian and classicist at Stanford University, dives into the fascinating interplay between historical trends and future possibilities. He argues that while innovation may seem to slow, we are on the brink of an evolutionary leap in technology. The conversation touches on why we shouldn't view technology strictly through an evolutionary lens, the potential resurgence of violence with advanced AI, and the complexities of human development that challenge our perceptions of progress. Morris also discusses the potential futures humanity faces, from intelligence explosions to existential threats.

In this discussion, Seren Kell, Senior Science and Technology Manager at the Good Food Institute Europe, dives into the world of alternative proteins. She highlights how current animal agriculture is inefficient, producing only 18% of food calories while occupying 83% of farmland. Seren explains the promising role of fermentation in creating delicious alternatives and addresses key challenges in making cultivated meat accessible and affordable. The conversation also touches on innovative funding strategies and the crucial need for research in advancing sustainable protein solutions.

This conversation features Tantum Collins, an AI policy insider with experience at the White House and DeepMind. He discusses the intricate relationship between AI and governance, exploring how new technologies can both enhance government and pose risks in autocratic regimes. Collins emphasizes the need for thoughtful decision-making regarding societal implications of AI, the competitive landscape between the US and China in AI development, and the importance of cross-disciplinary collaboration to address the profound ethical questions the technology raises.

Anders Sandberg, a senior research fellow at Oxford's Future of Humanity Institute, dives into deep futuristic concepts. He discusses the potential of space warfare and how distance might provide a defensive advantage in galactic conflicts. The conversation touches on the viability of life beyond Earth—comparing machines and biology—and the fate of civilizations, pondering their resilience and potential for decay. Additionally, Anders explores the ethical frameworks for maximizing value in advanced civilizations and the universe's ultimate fate, driven by entropy.

In this conversation, Kevin Esvelt, a biologist at MIT Media Lab and inventor of CRISPR-based gene drive, explores alarming bioweapon threats and the nuances of engineered pandemics. He stresses the risks posed by stealth viruses that go unnoticed until it's too late. The potential benefits and ethical dilemmas of using gene drives for disease control are also highlighted. Esvelt discusses technological solutions like UVC light for infection prevention and the vital need for robust biosecurity as we advance in synthetic biology.

Stephen Clare, author and narrator of the Great Power Conflict problem profile, dives into the grave realities of modern warfare. He discusses the serious threat posed by nuclear and bioweapons, drawing parallels to historical conflicts like the Cuban Missile Crisis. Clare evaluates the unpredictable nature of future wars due to misunderstandings and technology. He also analyzes current tensions among major powers like the U.S., China, and Russia, stressing the urgent need to mitigate existential risks in our increasingly complex international landscape.

Toby Ord, a moral philosopher from the University of Oxford and a pioneer of effective altruism, discusses the complexities of maximizing good in altruistic efforts. He warns against the dangers of an all-or-nothing approach, using the FTX fallout as a cautionary tale. Toby emphasizes the importance of integrity and humility in leadership and argues for a more balanced goal: 'doing most of the good you can.' He also explores the intricate relationship between utilitarian ethics and individual character, highlighting the nuanced nature of moral decision-making.

Benjamin Todd, the founder of 80,000 Hours and author of the 80,000 Hours Career Guide, dives into finding meaningful work. He discusses how unconventional career choices can drive personal fulfillment and societal impact. Todd emphasizes that passion doesn’t always equate to happiness and outlines six key ingredients for job satisfaction. He also explores the importance of strategic giving and how individuals can align their careers with global challenges, including the pressing threats posed by AI and climate change.

Mustafa Suleyman, co-founder of DeepMind and founder of Inflection AI, shares his insights on the urgent challenges posed by AI in his new book. He warns that AI and biotechnologies could empower criminals, destabilizing societal norms. The discussion emphasizes the delicate balance democratic nations must maintain to avoid chaos or authoritarianism. Suleyman advocates for cautious regulation and ethical oversight in AI development to prevent misuse, highlighting the geopolitical ramifications of unchecked technological advancements.

In this discussion, economist Michael Webb, known for his work at DeepMind and Stanford, tackles the complex implications of AI on the labor market. He explores whether automation will lead to mass unemployment or economic growth. Webb shares historical insights, revealing how past technologies have impacted job dynamics and inequality. Key topics include the scope of job exposure to AI, how technology can initially widen inequality, and the gradual pace of automation adoption. He also contemplates the entrepreneurial possibilities sparked by AI advancements.