Explore the School of Salamanca founded by Francisco Vitoria and the intellectual legacy it left behind. Learn about the Iberian Scholastic thinkers such as Francisco Suarez and their unique perspectives on universals, individuation, and knowledge. Dive into the influence of Scholastic ideas spreading beyond Europe to places like Asia with figures like Matteo Ricci.

Andrés Messmer, Spanish Protestantism researcher, discusses the challenges faced by Spanish Protestants, their scholarly background, integration of philosophy into their beliefs, and the influence of figures like Juan de Valdez. The podcast explores the unique historical context of Spanish Protestantism amidst Catholic dominance and the Inquisition.

Exploring Aquinas' central role in Counter-Reformation thought, focusing on analogy and the soul. Dominican scholars defend Aquinas' legacy, debating his unity of form theory and human soul variations. Philosophical disagreements among followers of Aquinas and the scholastic tradition in Portugal are also highlighted.

The podcast explores how Jesuits influenced philosophers like Descartes, Vico, and Foucault through their educational network. It discusses Ignatius Loyola's spiritual journey, Jesuit missions in different continents, embrace of the heliocentric theory, and development of casualistry and mental reservation for ethical dilemmas.

Explore the boundary-pushing spirituality of Teresa of Ávila and John of the Cross in Spanish mysticism. Dive into their philosophically informed accounts of mystical experience, societal constraints faced by female mystics like Teresa, the influence of Carmelite reform advocates on John's writings, the journey towards mystical union, and the psychological aspects of negative theology.

Explore the Renaissance in Spain with scholars like Fray Luis de Leon, Antonio Nebrija, and Beatriz Galindo. Topics include Iberian humanism, Núnio de Guzman's fascination with Seneca, rise of humanism in Iberian universities, humanism during the Age of Exploration, and Frei Louis's translation efforts and theological dialogue.

Philosophy of disability expert Scott Williams discusses the modern philosophy of disability, its impact on societal structures, and its relevance to the European encounter with the Americas. Topics include contrasting medical and social models of defining disability, historical perspectives on disability, and the exploration of John Mayer's views on conquest and natural slavery.

Exploring the justifications behind Spanish conquistadors' brutality in the New World, including legal and philosophical arguments influenced by Aristotle. Discussion on the European rationale for intervention in the Americas, critiquing Spanish colonialism and debates on the treatment of indigenous peoples. Highlighting the contrasting views of de las Casas and Montecino on colonial violence and the complexities of understanding historical texts on colonialism and slavery.

16th-century scientific advancements intertwined with exploration efforts to the Americas, showcasing the blending of European and Chinese philosophy. Detailed tasks in new Spain and the Philippines, encounter with diverse cultures and wildlife. European explorers' advancements in understanding habitability. Integration of European philosophy with Confucian thought in China, aiming to merge intellectual traditions.

Exploring religious persecution and censorship in Catholic Europe in the sixteenth century, focusing on the Spanish Inquisition under Ferdinand and Isabella. Delving into the suppression of Jews, Jewish Christian converts, and Spanish Muslims known as Moriscos. The podcast also covers the emergence of the Reformation, the trials of scholars like Juan Guil and Lin Juan de Vergara, and the challenges of censorship and control in the Inquisition.