Freakonomics Radio

Robert Sapolsky, a professor of neuroscience and biology at Stanford, and Francis Fukuyama, a political scientist also from Stanford, dive into the barriers preventing mind changes. They discuss the ego, social pressures, and the psychological costs that inhibit political figures from shifting positions. The dialogue highlights how cognitive dissonance affects political beliefs and the complexities of global governance. Additionally, they explore the dual nature of humanity, balancing cruelty with cooperation, and the importance of flexible thinking in fostering understanding.

Liz Shuler, the first female president of the AFL-CIO, dives into the curious disconnect between rising public support for labor and dwindling union membership. She discusses the surge of organizing efforts at companies like Amazon and Starbucks, emphasizing the ongoing relevance of unions in today's economy. Shuler also highlights the revival of labor strikes and the challenges unions face in non-traditional sectors. The conversation underscores the potential for unions to address economic inequality while navigating modern labor dynamics, including the push for well-paying jobs in the clean energy transition.

Join data scientist Katie Johnson, who shares her transition struggles from a happy contributor to a frustrated manager, alongside finance professor Kelly Hsu, who challenges traditional promotion practices with her insights on the Peter Principle. Economics professor Steve Tadellis explores how poor management styles devastate employee morale and company performance. They dissect why great workers often become bad bosses, the complexities of effective leadership, and suggest that firms must reconsider promotion criteria to improve organizational health.

John List, an economist at the University of Chicago and author of The Voltage Effect, dives into the complexities of scaling ideas. He discusses how market demand and organizational hurdles can undermine innovation. Through intriguing examples, he highlights the pitfalls of scaling, such as the failed D.A.R.E program versus the success of polio vaccination. List also introduces the concept of 'optimal quitting' and underscores the need for diversity in leadership and rigorous data practices that keep ideas grounded in reality.

Dana Susskind, a pediatric expert from the University of Chicago, sheds light on the evolving challenges of modern parenting amidst rising child poverty rates. Hillary Hoynes highlights systemic issues and racial disparities that contribute to these conditions in affluent nations. Senator Mitt Romney shares insights on the Family Security Act and the complexities of unconditional cash benefits for families. Together, they discuss vital reforms and the urgent need for policies that better support child development and address socioeconomic inequalities.

Victor Matheson, an economics professor specializing in sports, and Chris Rubio, a longsnapping coach with unique training methods, discuss the surprising economics of long snapping in the NFL. They reveal how this specialized role transformed from a backup position to a millionaire's job just before the Super Bowl. The duo dives into the historical impact of specialization, highlighting long snappers' critical contributions to game outcomes. They also touch on safety regulations, coaching intricacies, and the financial implications of working in this niche sport.

Katie Milkman, a behavioral scientist at the Wharton School and author of "How to Change," explores the dynamics of fresh starts. She discusses how the pandemic might offer the largest reset in history. Topics include the psychology behind New Year's resolutions, accidental and forced fresh starts, and how habits can be transformed through disruptions. Milkman highlights the complexities of achieving personal goals and the power of flexibility in routines, providing insights that inspire listeners to embrace change.

Cullum Clark, an economist and fifth-generation Dallasite, dives into Frisco's transformation from a quiet suburb to a booming urban center. He examines how population growth and corporate relocations are reshaping the region. Clark discusses the allure of moving to Texas, highlighting the blend of community and opportunity. He also tackles the shifting political landscape, noting the rise of progressive movements amidst traditional conservative roots. The conversation explores whether Frisco represents the future of American cities or just a suburban anomaly.

Cullum Clark, an economist at the George W. Bush Institute, and Eric Johnson, the Mayor of Dallas, dive into the booming growth of Dallas-Fort Worth. They discuss the city’s vibrant culture, affordable living, and its rise as a magnet for newcomers. Johnson shares his inspiring journey from public school to Harvard, highlighting the importance of mentorship. The duo addresses urban challenges, including education and development, while showcasing Dallas's unique governance and strong community spirit. It's a fascinating look at a city in transformation!

In this engaging discussion, guests share diverse insights on the impact of superstitions. Stuart Vise delves into the psychology behind why we cling to outdated beliefs. Stefan Shemansky links superstitions to sports performance, while Peter Leeson examines the economic implications of witch trials and curses. Knitting teacher Ash Mirzajek reveals the emotional complexities behind the 'sweater curse.' Together, they explore how cultural superstitions influence behavior, beliefs, and even legal systems in unexpected ways.