494. Why Do Most Ideas Fail to Scale?

John List, an economist at the University of Chicago and author of The Voltage Effect, dives into the complexities of scaling ideas. He discusses how market demand and organizational hurdles can undermine innovation. Through intriguing examples, he highlights the pitfalls of scaling, such as the failed D.A.R.E program versus the success of polio vaccination. List also introduces the concept of 'optimal quitting' and underscores the need for diversity in leadership and rigorous data practices that keep ideas grounded in reality.