Freakonomics Radio

Evelyn Forget, an economist from the University of Manitoba known for her research on poverty and health, discusses the merits of guaranteed basic income (GBI). She reflects on the Canadian Mincome experiment, revealing how it improved health and education outcomes. The conversation navigates the contentious debates surrounding GBI, especially in the context of technological job displacement. Forget also prompts listeners to rethink the nature of work and the necessity of a safety net in today's economy.

Kenneth Levin, a retired air traffic controller with 23 years of experience, shares behind-the-scenes insights into his high-pressure career, emphasizing the multitasking required in managing aircraft at high speeds. Ed Bolen, president of the National Business Aviation Association, discusses the vital role of general aviation in supporting various industries. The conversation delves into the urgent need for modernizing the air traffic control system, exploring the implications of a $12.5 billion funding boost and the ongoing challenges in enhancing safety and efficiency.

Ed Bastian, CEO of Delta Airlines, shares insights on the airline industry's view of air traffic control, emphasizing safety and modernization needs. Polly Trottenberg, former deputy secretary of transportation, discusses FAA operations challenges and the historical context of air traffic control. Economist John Strong highlights infrastructure issues and staffing shortages, urging investment in new technology. Dorothy Robyn advocates for corporatization of the FAA, addressing policy implications and the need for a more efficient air traffic system.

Patrick Deneen, a political philosopher at Notre Dame and author of 'Why Liberalism Failed,' dives into the waning appetite for the common good in America. He discusses the concept of 'aristopopulism' as a promising solution to revitalize community ties. Deneen critiques the role of media and highlights the pressures facing cultural institutions in a potentially second Trump administration. He also scrutinizes political identity in a polarized landscape, raising thought-provoking questions about representation and the influence of personal experiences on ideology.

Bjørn Andersen, a Norwegian fisherman and whale hunter, shares his unique perspective on the controversial practice of whaling. He discusses the ecological importance of whaling and its sustainability within the fishing industry. Andersen delves into the tensions between conservation efforts and traditional practices, questioning the priorities of environmental movements. He also reflects on the complexities of modern whaling techniques and the culinary uses of whale meat, offering an insightful and fresh take on a topic often shrouded in misunderstanding.

Hester Blum, a Professor of English specializing in oceanic literature, talks about the intricate links between whales and our environment. She discusses how whaling has shaped ecosystems and our understanding of diversity in both historic and modern workplaces. The conversation highlights the impact of pollution and renewable energy on whale populations, along with the enduring relevance of 'Moby Dick' in exploring life's complexities. Listeners are encouraged to embrace imperfection and find meaning in the intertwined narratives of nature and humanity.

Join Bjorn Basberg, a professor emeritus of economic history, and Jay Alabaster, an American journalist studying in Japan, as they dive into the controversial world of whaling. They explore why some countries, like Norway and Japan, continue this practice despite dwindling demand for whale products. Discover the rich historical context of whaling, the socio-economic factors influencing these traditions, and the complex interplay between conservation efforts and cultural significance. Alabaster shares insights from Taiji, revealing the nuanced perspectives in an ongoing debate.

Eric Hilt, an economic historian from Wellesley College, and Nathaniel Philbrick, a maritime writer from Nantucket, dive into the transformative power of the American whaling industry. They discuss how the U.S. emerged as a whaling titan and the cultural and economic ramifications of this early capitalist venture. The conversation touches on Nantucket's rise and fall, blending adventure with tragedy, and explores the ongoing implications of whaling practices today. Finally, they reveal surprising facts about whale products, including their unexpected uses in luxury perfumes.

John List, an economist and chief economist at Walmart, and Danny Meyer, founder of Union Square Hospitality Group and advocate for no-tipping policies, dive into the complexities of tipping in America. They explore the historical and cultural significance of tipping, revealing why it remains so entrenched. The discussion covers the effects of recent federal tax policies, the intricacies of tipping within the Uber ecosystem, and the growing movement to eliminate tips in restaurants. List and Meyer provide fascinating insights into the future of tipping and its implications for workers and consumers alike.

Steve Horenziak, president of the National Candle Association, shares insights on the booming $10 billion candle industry. Gökçe Günel, an anthropology professor, discusses the emotional and cultural ties we have to candles, even in a tech-driven world. Tim Cooper, a sustainable design expert, explores the dynamics of product lifespans and consumer behavior toward candles. Together, they unravel the allure of scented candles, their safety implications, and the complexities of planned obsolescence, emphasizing how these tiny fires continue to spark joy and nostalgia in our homes.