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This discussion investigates a striking claim that women are more likely to die after surgeries performed by male surgeons. It dives into a decade-long study highlighting gender disparities in surgical outcomes. The conversation emphasizes the complexity behind the statistics, exploring how these claims may oversimplify important factors. It challenges listeners to reflect on the nuances of gender dynamics in healthcare, urging a deeper understanding of the relationship between patient and surgeon.

Are women 32% more likely to die after operation by a male surgeon? Headlines asserting this were shared across social media recently - but the truth is a bit more complicated.We compare the price and the quality of the UK’s Test and Trace system with that of Germany and check on what’s happening to the Covid death toll during the Omicron wave.And we investigate the worrying statistic that one in ten people are planning to start a podcast in the coming year.

The podcast delves into the shocking claim of 365,348 children missing in the U.S. in 2020, exploring its origins and the misinformation that fuels it. Conversations reveal how political figures and conspiracy theorists, like QAnon, amplify misleading statistics. The discussion also distinguishes between temporary disappearances and long-term cases, shedding light on the real context of these numbers. Ultimately, it highlights the dangers of sensationalism and the importance of factual accuracy in combating misinformation.

The pandemic seems to be entering a new phase as Omicron has taken hold. Is it milder? And how might we make decisions based on the latest data?Predictions that lockdowns might lead to a baby boom have proven wrong - in fact fertility is falling.We re-examine a baffling claim about the number of children being abducted every year in the US after claims by a Republican politician on social media, and we run our statistical measuring tape up the inside leg of the government’s promise to give everyone a booster jab before New Year’s Day.

The urgent issue of plastic pollution in our oceans takes center stage as popular figures launch a $30 million campaign to remove plastic waste. With an estimated 5.25 trillion pieces of plastic currently floating around, they explore the daunting challenges of accurately measuring and collecting it. The podcast highlights ongoing efforts at beaches and rivers, while assessing the costs and feasibility of these clean-ups. It also delves into the complexities of tackling microplastics and the environmental impacts of current technologies, revealing the small steps being taken against a colossal problem.

Experts discuss the dramatic demographic shifts as Nigeria's population is projected to potentially outgrow Europe’s in the coming decades. Key factors include education and contraception's impact on fertility rates. Nigeria could hit 400 million by 2050, while Europe's population declines due to aging and migration issues. The conversation unpacks the complexities of these trends, highlighting the challenges and uncertainties in population forecasting.

Explore the staggering statistic of 12 million excess deaths globally, and the uncovered truth suggesting actual COVID-19 deaths may reach 18 million. Delve into the U.S. fertility rate, currently at 1.64, and its implications for future population growth. The discussion moves to record atmospheric CO2 levels hitting 420 ppm in 2021, revealing a concerning trend despite temporary reductions during the pandemic. Listeners are urged to contemplate the data's profound implications on health and the environment.

Holiday gift-giving often leads to wasted money on unwanted presents. Dive into the whimsical economics of classic holiday songs and their hidden costs. Behavioral scientist Francesca Gino shares insights on the disconnect between what givers think is thoughtful and what recipients truly want. Discover how experiences can be more appreciated than material items, revealing the psychological nuances behind a gift’s value. This deep look into consumer behavior uncovers ways to enhance holiday joy for everyone.

Explore the hot debate over COVID-19 immunity as experts break down claims about natural infection offering superior protection compared to vaccines. Dive into the complexities of interpreting key studies, including one that sparked controversy with its surprising findings. Uncover the findings of UK research that highlight similar protective effects from both immunity sources while cautioning against risks of natural infection. Ultimately, the discussion emphasizes vaccination as the safest path to immunity in the ongoing fight against the virus.

The podcast dives into the contentious debate over mask effectiveness in reducing COVID-19 infections. It critically examines a claim that wearing masks can cut infection rates by 53%, revealing complex study findings. The discussion includes varying effectiveness based on different study types, contrasting observational data with randomized trials. It emphasizes that while exact numbers may differ, masks are still a vital tool in public health strategies, especially amidst surging cases.