The World in Time / Lapham’s Quarterly

Adam Hochschild, an award-winning historian and author, discusses his latest work, "American Midnight," focusing on the fragile nature of democracy during and after World War I. He elaborates on how civil liberties were challenged and suppressed, highlighting the intense nationalism and violent repression of strikes. Hochschild also shares inspiring tales of activists fighting for free speech amidst national hysteria, emphasizing the importance of vigilance against threats to democracy—lessons that resonate even today.

Andrea Wulf, author and historian, joins Lewis H. Lapham to discuss 'Magnificent Rebels: The First Romantics and the Invention of the Self.' They explore the origins of self-centeredness, individual empowerment, and the interplay between individual identity and group membership. They discuss the scandalous personal lives and impact of German Romantics in 18th-century Germany, revealing their contributions to philosophy and shaping modern concepts of identity and free will.

Kermit Roosevelt III, a historian and author of "The Nation That Never Was," critiques traditional American narratives that often glorify violent rebellion as patriotism. He discusses the need for a more honest recounting of history that acknowledges marginalized voices. The conversation covers the complexities of inclusivity in U.S. politics, the moral significance of national anthems, and how historical protests relate to modern movements like Black Lives Matter. Roosevelt advocates for a narrative that inspires unity and true patriotism.

Aaron Sachs, a historian and author of "Up from the Depths," dives into the intricate parallels between the struggles of Herman Melville and Lewis Mumford and today's challenges. He argues that understanding these historical moments can inspire hope amid current adversities. The conversation explores societal anxieties across American history, critiques of technology and urbanization, and the profound themes of life and death in literature. Sachs emphasizes the cyclical nature of history and the potential for renewed political engagement.

Olivier Zunz, a historian and author of “The Man Who Understood Democracy,” shares profound insights on Alexis de Tocqueville’s perspectives. He delves into Tocqueville's believes that democracy demands active citizen engagement and stable institutions. The conversation highlights Tocqueville's nuanced views on liberty and equality, examining their relevance today. Zunz also discusses the importance of community support in American democracy and reflects on the challenges posed by industrial society to democratic ideals.

In this engaging discussion, historian Leo Damrosch delves into the life of Giacomo Casanova, unraveling the complexities of his character beyond the myth. He highlights Casanova's vibrant autobiography and its interplay of love, freedom, and risk. Damrosch contrasts Casanova's optimistic outlook with the moral values of the 18th century. Listeners explore Casanova's literary escapades and his audacious life, raising questions about admiration versus exploitation in his relationships, all while bringing a fresh perspective to this infamous adventurer.

In this engaging discussion, historian Eric Jay Dolin, author of 'Rebels at Sea: Privateering in the American Revolution,' sheds light on the often-overlooked role of privateering in America's fight for independence. He argues that although it wasn't the sole cause of victory, privateering significantly impacted British trade and military tactics. Dolin shares captivating stories of unsung heroes like Jonathan Harriton, while also delving into the ethics of privateering and its role in forging vital alliances with France. An eye-opening exploration of maritime warfare!

Richard Cohen, author of Making History: The Storytellers Who Shaped the Past, dives into the intricate world of historiography. He discusses how personal beliefs of historians like Herodotus and Thucydides shape our understanding of history. The conversation also explores the Bible as a complex cultural artifact and Sir Walter Scott's lasting influence on literature and Scottish identity. Cohen emphasizes the power dynamics in historical narratives and the importance of incorporating diverse voices for a more truthful portrayal of our past.

“In 1739 the members of Bordeaux’s Royal Academy of Sciences met to determine the subject of the 1741 prize competition,” historians Henry Louis Gates Jr. and Andrew S. Curran write at the beginning of “Who’s Black and Why? A Hidden Chapter from the Eighteenth-Century Invention of Race.” “As was customarily the case, the topic they chose was constructed in the form of a question: ‘What is the physical cause of the Negro’s color, the quality of [the Negro’s hair, and the degeneration of both [Negro hair and skin]?’ According to the longer description of the contest that later appeared in the Journal des savants, the academy’s members were interested in receiving a winning essay that would solve the riddle of the African variety’s distinctive physical traits. But what really preoccupied these men were three larger (and unspoken) questions. The first two were straightforward: Who is Black? And why? The third question was more far-reaching: What did being Black signify? Never before had the Bordeaux Academy, or any scientific academy for that matter, challenged Europe’s savants to explain the origins and, implicitly, the worth of a particular type of human being.” This week on the podcast, Lewis H. Lapham speaks with Andrew S. Curran, co-editor of “Who’s Black and Why? A Hidden Chapter from the Eighteenth-Century Invention of Race,” about the ramifications of this 1741 contest and the racist answers to these questions offered by Montesquieu; Georges-Louis Leclerc, count de Buffon; and other philosophers based in one of France’s wealthy slave-trading ports. Thanks to our generous donors. Lead support for this podcast has been provided by Elizabeth “Lisette” Prince. Additional support was provided by James J. “Jimmy” Coleman Jr.

In this engaging conversation, Peter S. Goodman, Global Economic Correspondent for The New York Times and author of 'Davos Man: How the Billionaires Devoured the World,' dives deep into the ramifications of billionaire domination in our economy. He critiques the 'cosmic lie' surrounding trickle-down economics and examines its roots in the Reagan era. The podcast also tackles the detrimental impact of profit motives on American healthcare and advocates for systemic changes to combat economic inequities and promote fair growth.