The World in Time / Lapham’s Quarterly

In this engaging discussion, historian Eric Jay Dolin, author of 'Rebels at Sea: Privateering in the American Revolution,' sheds light on the often-overlooked role of privateering in America's fight for independence. He argues that although it wasn't the sole cause of victory, privateering significantly impacted British trade and military tactics. Dolin shares captivating stories of unsung heroes like Jonathan Harriton, while also delving into the ethics of privateering and its role in forging vital alliances with France. An eye-opening exploration of maritime warfare!

Richard Cohen, author of Making History: The Storytellers Who Shaped the Past, dives into the intricate world of historiography. He discusses how personal beliefs of historians like Herodotus and Thucydides shape our understanding of history. The conversation also explores the Bible as a complex cultural artifact and Sir Walter Scott's lasting influence on literature and Scottish identity. Cohen emphasizes the power dynamics in historical narratives and the importance of incorporating diverse voices for a more truthful portrayal of our past.

“In 1739 the members of Bordeaux’s Royal Academy of Sciences met to determine the subject of the 1741 prize competition,” historians Henry Louis Gates Jr. and Andrew S. Curran write at the beginning of “Who’s Black and Why? A Hidden Chapter from the Eighteenth-Century Invention of Race.” “As was customarily the case, the topic they chose was constructed in the form of a question: ‘What is the physical cause of the Negro’s color, the quality of [the Negro’s hair, and the degeneration of both [Negro hair and skin]?’ According to the longer description of the contest that later appeared in the Journal des savants, the academy’s members were interested in receiving a winning essay that would solve the riddle of the African variety’s distinctive physical traits. But what really preoccupied these men were three larger (and unspoken) questions. The first two were straightforward: Who is Black? And why? The third question was more far-reaching: What did being Black signify? Never before had the Bordeaux Academy, or any scientific academy for that matter, challenged Europe’s savants to explain the origins and, implicitly, the worth of a particular type of human being.” This week on the podcast, Lewis H. Lapham speaks with Andrew S. Curran, co-editor of “Who’s Black and Why? A Hidden Chapter from the Eighteenth-Century Invention of Race,” about the ramifications of this 1741 contest and the racist answers to these questions offered by Montesquieu; Georges-Louis Leclerc, count de Buffon; and other philosophers based in one of France’s wealthy slave-trading ports. Thanks to our generous donors. Lead support for this podcast has been provided by Elizabeth “Lisette” Prince. Additional support was provided by James J. “Jimmy” Coleman Jr.

In this engaging conversation, Peter S. Goodman, Global Economic Correspondent for The New York Times and author of 'Davos Man: How the Billionaires Devoured the World,' dives deep into the ramifications of billionaire domination in our economy. He critiques the 'cosmic lie' surrounding trickle-down economics and examines its roots in the Reagan era. The podcast also tackles the detrimental impact of profit motives on American healthcare and advocates for systemic changes to combat economic inequities and promote fair growth.

Oliver Milman, an environmental journalist and author of "The Insect Crisis," discusses the alarming decline of insect populations and the catastrophic consequences for ecosystems and food security. He paints a vivid picture of a world without insects—essential for pollination and sustaining life. Milman also explores the intriguing yet problematic innovations of robotic bees and debates modern agricultural practices that harm vital insect habitats. His insights underscore the urgent need for conservation and a shift in how we perceive these tiny yet mighty creatures.

Roosevelt Montás, a senior lecturer at Columbia University and author of 'Rescuing Socrates', shares his inspiring journey from the Dominican Republic to academia. He discusses how discovering Plato’s dialogues transformed his worldview and ignited his passion for liberal education. Montás emphasizes the crucial role of mentorship and the importance of a well-rounded education in fostering self-awareness and civic engagement. He also critiques the current decline of liberal education and urges a return to seeking deeper meaning in learning beyond mere vocational training.

Historian Andrew J. O’Shaughnessy, author of 'The Illimitable Freedom of the Human Mind,' dives into Thomas Jefferson's profound yet complicated legacy. He explores Jefferson's unwavering commitment to founding the University of Virginia, revealing how it reflects his ideals about education and freedom. The conversation tackles the duality of Jefferson's legacy as both a champion of democracy and a slave owner. O’Shaughnessy also emphasizes the urgent need for education as a tool to rectify historical injustices, blending past and contemporary discussions about liberty.

In order to understand the American Revolution, historian Joseph J. Ellis writes in The Cause: The American Revolution and Its Discontents, 1773–1783, “we must be capable of thinking paradoxically. The American Revolution succeeded because it was not really a revolution. Which means it succeeded because it failed.” This week on the podcast, Lewis H. Lapham speaks with Joseph J. Ellis, author of The Cause: The American Revolution and Its Discontents, 1773–1783, about the words, paradoxes, and local influences that powered the American Revolution. Thanks to our generous donors. Lead support for this podcast has been provided by Elizabeth “Lisette” Prince. Additional support was provided by James J. “Jimmy” Coleman Jr.

“If humans did not spend 95 percent of their evolutionary past in tiny bands of hunter-gatherers,” David Wengrow, an archaeologist, and the late David Graeber, an anthropologist, write at the beginning of The Dawn of Everything: A New History of Humanity, “what were they doing all that time? If agriculture and cities did not mean a plunge into hierarchy and domination, then what did they imply? What was really happening in those periods we usually see as marking the emergence of ‘the state’? The answers are often unexpected, and suggest that the course of human history may be less set in stone, and more full of playful possibilities, than we tend to assume.” This week on the podcast, Lewis H. Lapham speaks with David Wengrow, coauthor of The Dawn of Everything, about these answers and what they mean for the future of a humanity facing ecological catastrophe. Thanks to our generous donors. Lead support for this podcast has been provided by Elizabeth “Lisette” Prince. Additional support was provided by James J. “Jimmy” Coleman Jr.

“About twenty years ago,” the historian Geoffrey Wheatcroft says on the latest episode of The World in Time, “Umberto Eco said he was amused by a survey in which a quarter of British schoolchildren thought that Winston Churchill was a fictional character. But in fact in a way that is what he has become. He has become something outside conventional history. This is demonstrated by his portrayal in popular culture. It dawned on me in recent years: if you go to a movie called Lincoln, it will be hero-worshipping, and respectful in the Spielberg manner, but it will stick quite close to historical fact. But if you go to a movie called Churchill…or Darkest Hour…they are complete travesties that bear no resemblance whatsoever to historical fact. And nobody minds.” Lewis H. Lapham speaks with Geoffrey Wheatcroft, author of Churchill’s Shadow: The Life and Afterlife of Winston Churchill. Thanks to our generous donors. Lead support for this podcast has been provided by Elizabeth “Lisette” Prince. Additional support was provided by James J. “Jimmy” Coleman Jr.