The World in Time / Lapham’s Quarterly

Oliver Milman, an environmental journalist and author of "The Insect Crisis," discusses the alarming decline of insect populations and the catastrophic consequences for ecosystems and food security. He paints a vivid picture of a world without insects—essential for pollination and sustaining life. Milman also explores the intriguing yet problematic innovations of robotic bees and debates modern agricultural practices that harm vital insect habitats. His insights underscore the urgent need for conservation and a shift in how we perceive these tiny yet mighty creatures.

Roosevelt Montás, a senior lecturer at Columbia University and author of 'Rescuing Socrates', shares his inspiring journey from the Dominican Republic to academia. He discusses how discovering Plato’s dialogues transformed his worldview and ignited his passion for liberal education. Montás emphasizes the crucial role of mentorship and the importance of a well-rounded education in fostering self-awareness and civic engagement. He also critiques the current decline of liberal education and urges a return to seeking deeper meaning in learning beyond mere vocational training.

Historian Andrew J. O’Shaughnessy, author of 'The Illimitable Freedom of the Human Mind,' dives into Thomas Jefferson's profound yet complicated legacy. He explores Jefferson's unwavering commitment to founding the University of Virginia, revealing how it reflects his ideals about education and freedom. The conversation tackles the duality of Jefferson's legacy as both a champion of democracy and a slave owner. O’Shaughnessy also emphasizes the urgent need for education as a tool to rectify historical injustices, blending past and contemporary discussions about liberty.

Joseph J. Ellis, a Pulitzer Prize-winning historian renowned for his work on early American history, discusses the paradoxical nature of the American Revolution. He argues that its success stemmed from not being a true revolution, highlighting the complexity of founders' choices, including those surrounding slavery. The conversation delves into George III's role in catalyzing independence, the resilience shown at Valley Forge, and the ideological currents shaping revolutionary thought, all while drawing striking parallels to modern political challenges.

David Wengrow, an archaeologist renowned for his work on social evolution and co-author of *The Dawn of Everything*, dives deep into the complexities of human history. He challenges the idea that societal advancements emerged solely from agriculture, uncovering diverse ancient cultures with egalitarian principles. The discussion highlights Indigenous perspectives, critiques of social hierarchies, and creative alternatives to capitalism in the face of ecological challenges. Wengrow emphasizes that human history is rich with possibilities, urging a rethinking of our collective past and future.

Geoffrey Wheatcroft, a historian and author known for his insights on Winston Churchill, dives deep into the myths surrounding Churchill's legacy. He discusses why many view Churchill as a fictional character, illustrating how popular culture distorts historical facts. The conversation critiques Churchill's military decisions, particularly during the Gallipoli Campaign and WWII, while also highlighting the duality of his celebrated yet controversial nature. Wheatcroft connects Churchill's actions to contemporary issues, urging a reexamination of his historical impact.

In this insightful discussion, writer and explorer Nicholas Crane shares his journey through history as he recounts the 1735 expedition aimed at measuring the Earth's curvature. He emphasizes the early alliances in scientific collaboration that laid the groundwork for modern challenges like the COVID-19 pandemic and climate change. Crane navigates the arduous journey through the Andes, facing altitude sickness and wildlife threats, while highlighting the unsung contributions of local guides and the complexities of the expedition's dynamics.

In this engaging discussion, veterinarian, philosopher, and legal scholar Charles Foster shares insights from his book, delving into our ancient human roots and the evolution of consciousness. He recounts his experiences attempting to live like Upper Paleolithic humans, highlighting the stark contrasts with modern life. Foster also explores the interplay of mind and matter, revealing how our brains might function as prisms of consciousness. He critiques modern science's neglect of intuition, advocating for a blend of skepticism and creativity to navigate contemporary challenges.

Lewis Lapham interviews Michael Knox Beran, author of 'WASPS: The Splendors and Miseries of an American Aristocracy.' They discuss the history, influence, and predicted obsolescence of the WASPs. The chapter also explores the portrayal of high wasps in literature and the role of T.S. Eliot in cultural reform.

Philip Hoare, acclaimed author known for exploring art and the natural world, dives into the genius of Albrecht Dürer. They discuss Dürer’s artistic legacy and his brilliance in capturing humanity and nature. Hoare reveals the fascinating story behind Dürer’s iconic rhinoceros woodcut. The conversation also touches on Dürer’s innovative techniques, including his unique pigments, and the emotional depth in his dog imagery, showcasing the artist's childlike charm. Prepare for an insightful journey through art history and identity!