Boundless Life

Garrett Salpeter, Founder of NeuFit, shares insights on the groundbreaking NEUBIE device, which revolutionizes electrical muscle stimulation with direct current technology. He explains how this innovation enhances recovery and muscle training, allowing users to tap into their body’s natural healing processes. The conversation delves into the historical challenges of EMS and underscores its safety and effectiveness in rehabilitation. Salpeter also discusses personal success stories and the future of muscle therapy, making a compelling case for incorporating EMS into fitness routines.

Dr. Joseph Mercola, a leading authority on alternative health and author of "KetoFast," dives deep into the intricacies of ketogenic eating and fasting. He discusses how our food choices contribute to sickness and how cyclical ketosis coupled with fasting offers a fresh approach to health. Mercola elaborates on the fascinating history of fasting across cultures, the science of autophagy, and how fasting enhances physical and mental wellness. Listeners will learn about innovative health supplements and strategies to safely integrate fasting into their lives.

Dr. Dickson Thom, author and former Dean of Naturopathic Medicine, shares insights on bioregulatory medicine as a holistic alternative to conventional treatments. He discusses the importance of understanding underlying health issues rather than just symptoms. Exploring seasonal eating, he emphasizes its evolutionary significance, while also highlighting lesser-known healing methods like tissue salts and neural therapy. Additionally, he advocates for the integration of mind-body practices and innovative therapies, urging a return to foundational healing principles.

Jack Dorsey, billionaire businessman and CEO of Twitter and Square, shares his remarkable insights on health and wellness. He discusses stress management through Vipassana meditation and a strict vegetarian diet, revealing his unique daily routines. Dorsey highlights his preferred methods of exercise, including walking and various high-intensity workouts, and delves into the benefits of cold therapy and saunas for recovery. He also talks about his one-meal-a-day lifestyle and how it enhances mental clarity, asserting the importance of mindful nutrition in achieving balance.

Join Paul Saladino, a functional medicine practitioner and carnivore diet expert, as he dives deep into the controversial world of eating only meat. He passionately discusses the superior omega-3 benefits of salmon roe, questioning the relevance of plant-based foods. Saladino challenges traditional views on fiber, arguing it may not be essential for digestive health. He emphasizes the importance of whole animal products and shares intriguing perspectives on the diet's potential health benefits, all while offering practical tips for navigating this meat-centric lifestyle.

Vani Hari, known as "The Food Babe," is a food activist and author of "Feeding You Lies." In this engaging discussion, she unravels the web of lies perpetuated by the food industry, exposing deceptive marketing tactics that mislead consumers. Vani explains the manipulations behind nutrition research and the shocking disparities in food labeling between the U.S. and Europe. She also critiques common ingredients like high fructose corn syrup and encourages listeners to make informed choices for healthier living.

Fred Provenza, Professor emeritus of Behavioral Ecology, challenges the notion that animals lack nutritional wisdom. He reveals how livestock naturally select diverse foods to meet their needs, linking flavor to health. Discussing his new book, Provenza poses intriguing questions about human dietary choices and whether we've lost our innate ability to select nourishing food. He delves into the drawbacks of modern diets, including seed oils, advocates for dietary diversity, and highlights how traditional practices and animal behaviors can guide us back to nutritional wisdom.

As I wrote about in my article entitled “How Breath-Holding, Blood-Doping, Shark-Chasing, Free-Diving & Ketosis Can Activate Your Body’s Most Primal Reflex.”, after reading the fascinating book "Deep: Freediving, Renegade Science, and What the Ocean Tells Us about Ourselves" I hired (two years ago) a guy named Ted Harty, from Immersion Freediving in Ft. Lauderdale, Florida to certify me in freediving so that I could learn how to spearfish. At over six feet tall and 230 solid pounds, Ted is a big, bold, loud, extroverted character. He looks like a boxer, and not like a guy who you’d expect to be diving at incredibly efficient oxygen capacity to depths deeper than most human beings have ever ventured. But it was Ted who was about to open my eyes to a whole new world of freediving, and who I spent nearly every waking hour of ninety-six hours of my life learning every possible closely-guarded breath-holding and deep-diving tactic. Ted began his underwater career in 2005, as a scuba instructor in the Florida Keys.  Over the years, Ted became a Scuba Schools International Instructor and a Professional Association of Diving Instructors Staff Instructor. But whenever Ted was on the boat and did not have students to take care of, he’d jump in with mask, fins and snorkel and play around on the reef, sans scuba equipment. As Ted highlights in this fascinating, quick video about his life: “Sometimes I’d have just five minutes to swim around without all of my scuba gear. I loved it. I could swim down to the sand at Sombrero Reef and hang out for a bit at 20 feet. I wanted more. I wanted to learn how to stay down longer and how to dive deeper.” So, in January of 2008, Ted took his first Performance Freediving International (PFI) course. “I couldn’t believe how little I knew about freediving at the time. As a scuba instructor I knew more about diving physiology than the average Joe, but quickly realized I knew nothing about freediving. At the start of the course I had a 2:15 breath-hold, but after just four days of training I did a five-minute hold! I couldn’t believe it was possible.” Next, Ted signed up for instructor-level courses at Performance Freediving. He was soon offered a job teaching with Performance Freediving, when he moved to Fort Lauderdale. Then, in 2009 Ted went to PFI’s annual competition. At the time, he was about a 80- to 90-foot freediver and weighed 230 pounds. He wasn’t in good shape at all, but after three weeks of training under the tutelage of world-reknowned freedivers Kirk Krack and Mandy-Rae Cruickshank, he did a 54 meter (177 -feet) freedive. “I was blown away by what I was capable of.” Ted spent a year working with Kirk and Mandy, while traveling around the country teaching the Intermediate Freediver program. Then, in 2010, a much more fit Ted went back to PFI’s annual competition. That year his new personal best was 213 feet, and currently he’s managed to up that to an impressive 279 feet. In June 2012, Ted was selected as the Team Captain for the US Freediving Team at the Freediving World Championships, and in 2013 he attained PFI Advanced Instructor and PFI Instructor Trainer, becoming the first and only PFI independent instructor to receive this rating. Oh yeah, and Ted also holds the record for hypoxic underwater swimming in the pool, having done 7 full lengths (175 meters) without a single breath.  But most impressive? Ted has anemia. This means his blood can’t deliver oxgyen as efficiently to his muscles and brain as most of the world’s population. This means he has a blood hematocrit level of 34, easily 1/3 less than most athletes. This is a condition that would leave most folks huffing and puffing for air after climbing a flight of stairs. Obviously, anemia hasn’t stopped Ted. In our last podcast, which you can listen to here, Ted and I covered: -Why being cold and cold water can actually inhibit your ability to hold your breath… -How to use static apnea tables to enhance your ability to tolerate high levels of CO2 and low levels of O2… -Why training your mammalian dive reflex is so useful, even if you have zero desire to do long breathholds or freediving competition… -Why you should avoid hyperventilation and “blowing off CO2” prior to a breath hold… -The difference between Ted's breathing techniques and Wim Hof's breathing techniques… -And much more... Today Ted is back, and we take a deep dive (pun intended) into: -What happens to the body during free diving...8:30 Similar effects as yoga Alter how you breathe Interact with marine life Stress release -What is the "mammalian dive reflex" and why we would want to activate it...11:56 Genetically coded in every human on the planet Dolphins, seals, whales possess the mammalian dive reflex We all have it, but at different levels depending on experience Several components: Bradycardia; Body lowers demand for oxygen Fingers, toes constrict Pee reflex - peripheral extremities constrict We don't have conclusive data on how free diving affects HRV and the vagus nerve The connection between the spleen and breath holding/free diving Another component of the mammalian dive reflex Simply holding one's breath on dry land compresses the spleen Legal blood doping In elite athletes, holding breath compresses spleen; an ordinary person, not so much In free diving, your body become more accustomed to these changes Large amounts of blood circulate through the spleen; compressing it leads to large release of red blood cells Breath holds in the sauna activate the spleen; not the same effects as diving -Other benefits of free diving...24:07 Overall well-being How can drowning and suffocating be relaxing? A: You don't feel that way People swear by its efficacy Comparable to training to lose weight Any studies on how much calories are lost during free diving It's absolutely exhausting Generating body heat Study: 1,100 calories burned per hour Breath work wouldn't translate to burning calories Glycogen sparing effect Ketones increase ability to hold breath -Other ways we're able to increase breath hold time...29:40 Take a bigger breath Diaphragm, chest, shoulders, neck Flexibility of rib cage determines the size of your breath "Sipping" -What an apnea table is, and the difference between Co2 and O2 apnea...36:30 Table: series of breath holds How you can breathe up for How long you can breathe for Learn to tolerate low levels of oxygen; CO2 levels rising Carbon dioxide table: breathe up for 2 minutes; hold breath for 2 minutes... Wonka table You want higher Co2 levels Hyper ventilating discards Co2 faster than anything Sit on couch, hold breath You'll feel contraction, start stopwatch; deal with discomfort for 15 seconds Take one breath Go to the bathroom before doing this! Would you do a table while exercising? No, but you can incorporate breath exercises into your training Risk of blacking out; do on seated equipment Book: The Oxygen Advantage by Patrick McKeown Book: The Power of Your Breath by Anders Olsson -What kind of breath work one would do in between dives to maintain maximum breath hold time...49:00 Remember diaphragmatic breathing Only thing you should feel moving is your stomach moving out and in We're all chest breathers Control, be conscious of your breathing vs. not thinking about it -Why the valsalva breathing technique is not optimal for free diving...52:52 Pinch and blow: equalize your ears Can use valsalva scuba diving Frenzel technique Pinch your nose. Fill your mouth up with a little bit of air. Close the epiglottis. Move the soft palate to the neutral position. Use the tongue as a piston and push air towards the back of your throat. Valsalva is optimal for scuba diving as you dive head first; air rises Frenzel is optimal for free diving because you dive head first; opposite of scuba diving -A demonstration of the Frenzel breathing technique...58:00 -Similarities and differences between Ted's breathing technique and Wim Hof's...1:02:15 Hof's methods are good for cold therapy, not necessarily breath holding Hyperventilation increases risk for blackout Drastically lowers Co2 levels Carbon dioxide levels trigger urge to breathe Physically reduces amount of oxygen available to your body Bore effect: When we hold our breath, our blood becomes more acidic; changes ph levels Hyperventilating increases strength of the bond between hemoglobin and oxygen If strength of bond too high, oxygen molecule can't be used as fuel Hyperventilating initially increases ability to hold breath, but there's the risk of blackout -Exercise and stretching regimens specific to free divers...1:13:00 Paradox: Free divers train a lot, which leads to high metabolism, which you don't want as a free diver There is no set regimen on how to craft the "perfect free diver" Problem seeking to solve is very complicated Similar to training cyclists would undergo Diaphragmatic stretching is critical - Ted gives demonstration -Some of the courses Ted teaches online...1:26:00 FreeDivingSafety.com -And Much More... Resources from this episode: -Click here to see all of Ted's courses, including how to equalize, how to take a 20-30% bigger breath, how to freedive safely, and much more! -Deep: Freediving, Renegade Science, and What the Ocean Tells Us about Ourselves -The OURA ring - Save $50 with code: GREENFIELDOURA -The WHOOP wristband -Spleen volume and blood flow response to repeated breath-hold apneas. -CO2 and O2 apnea tables -The Wonka table -The Oxygen Advantage book by Patrick McKeown -The Power Of Breath -My podcast with Laird Hamilton about underwater workouts -FreeDivingSafety.com Episode Sponsors: -Kion: My personal playground for all things having to do with health and wellness. You can get 10% off your entire order when you use discount code "bgf10" at checkout. -JOOVV: Everything from enhanced muscle recovery to increased sexual performance to improved skin health, and much more. After using the Joovv for close to 2 years, it's the only light therapy device I'd ever recommend. Use my link and use code "ben" at checkout and receive a cool bonus gift with your purchase. -Thrive Market: Your Favorite Organic Foods and ProductsUp to 50% Off. Delivered to Your Door. Get 25% off your first order when you order using my link! -Harry's Razors: When you go to harrys.com/greenfield, you'll receive a $13 value trial set that has everything you need for the closest shave you can imagine. Do you have questions, thoughts or feedback for Ted or me? Leave your comments below and one of us will reply!See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

"The good physician treats the disease. The great physician treats the patient." - Sir William Osler You deserve better than the broken, assembly-line medical system. The world deserves the optimized version of you. We can get you there. So claim my guests on today's show, Dr. Matt Dawson and Dr. Mike Mallin of Wild Health, with physical locations in Versailles, Kentucky and Bend, Oregon. Dr. Matt Dawson is a precision medicine physician in Lexington, KY and co-host of the Wild Health podcast. Dr. Dawson has been obsessed with performance optimization as long as he can remember. He received scholarships to play two sports in college even with "minimal talent" because of his voracious reading and implementation of any fitness or nutritional techniques that would give him an edge. He continued that obsession in medical school and, as a physician, he has won national awards for education, innovation, and leadership. He has lectured in over 20 countries and trained thousands of other physicians through live lecture, online education, two textbooks, and an educational app. He combines his training in genomics and functional medicine to give personalized, precise medical guidance. His obsession with performance optimization has morphed from initially athletic to now mental performance and longevity. Whether it's a professional athlete or a grandparent optimizing their mental clarity and mobility to keep up with their grandkids, Dr. Dawson is passionate about helping everyone perform at their absolute peak. Dr. Mike Mallin is a physician in Bend, Oregon who is obsessed with health performance and precision medicine and is co-founder of the Wild Health podcast. He completed medical school in South Carolina, and trained in Emergency Medicine in Salt Lake City, Utah where he competed in several ultramarathons and found his love for the mountains and performance. Mike currently practices in Bend, Oregon and Lexington, Kentucky in his precision medicine clinic. He is also co-founder of the Ultrasound Podcast, an educational podcast that has taught thousands of physicians all over the world how to use ultrasound, as well as Wild Health, his newest podcast focusing on health performance and longevity. During our discussion, you'll discover: -How Dr. Dawson played two sports in college despite possessing "minimal talent"...8:55 Received two scholarships: tennis and soccer Became obsessed with performance; auto-didact Focused on helping others optimize their fitness and performance goals Ben had to figure out ways to train to overcome physical limitations in college - first foray into biohacking -The story behind the founding of Wild Health...13:05 Met 12 years ago, residency in Salt Lake City Interested in personal health for performance; competed with each other Became interested in genomics trying to fix Dr. Mallin's cholesterol numbers, which were very high Extremely high LDL; over 300 Used epidemiology; lots of guess work. Frustrated with conventional methods Saw need for adding genomic and microbiome data into the treatment Began studying "precision medicine" Treat patients primarily in person, in their respective clinics Data is important, but focus on a relationship, know patient's lifestyle, etc. -What the heck is "precision medicine"...17:45 First and foremost: not treating a patient as a statistic What may be true for a "population" may not necessarily be true for an individual Two individuals with the same problem (ex. insufficient Vitamin D) may require completely different treatments -Machine learning algorithms and artificial intelligence used in precision medicine...20:10 Closest we can come to that at the moment is the human brain Difficulty in obtaining accurate data is in lifestyle factors Great potential; Onegevity (listen to my podcast) has great potential but too many variables Is there a "gold standard" test that Drs. Mallin and Dawson use on their patients Varies with each individual according to their needs and specific situation/lifestyle -Strategies Drs. Mallin and Dawson recommend in terms of athletic performance optimization...24:15 Depends on the individual Some need more recovery time than others Genetic tests to determine power vs. endurance Focus on doing what people like to do Optimize sleep: oura ring, Elite athletes, exercise enthusiasts Won't change based on genetic data Focus on overtraining by using data to educate them appropriately Can better identify a power vs. endurance approach with someone who is more passive in their regimen What Matt's daily exercise regimen looks like: Sauna: near infrared light, meditation (20 minutes) 90 lb. kettlebell; short sets (20 minutes) Reading (20 minutes Short, compressed exercise much more efficacious than a long run, long sets of strenuous activity HRV, breath work, -How Drs. Mallin and Dawson approach cognitive performance, as well as dementia and Alzheimers...36:50 Start with genetic testing Alzheimers easier to treat before symptoms start If you have apoe4 gene, you're 3-15x more likely to have Alzheimers; earlier onset There are ways to treat Alzheimers with the right data at hand Healthy diet, sleep, detoxification Book: The End of Alzheimer's by Dr. Dale Bredesen P Gingivalis The Fortune magazine article on BMAA -How Drs. Mallin and Dawson approach longevity and anti-aging...43:30 Ultimate hack: find an ancient practice (like fasting) that simulates a modern day compound like rapamycin or metformin Spermidine Results from studies on athletes who take compounds like metformin? What about stem cells... Proceed with caution. Possible if a patient has major health issues. Educate them and let them make the decision they believe is best PulseCenter PEMF -Drs. Mallin and Dawson's personal nutrition regimen...50:15 TianChi for Ashwagandha Reduces blood sugar level Increasing testosterone and fertility KSM 66 How do you measure for testosterone? 5 days of taking a supplement to getting to a "steady state" Test once per month Joovv Light Multi-modal approach First step: test for imbalance; then adjust lifestyle before supplementation DUTCH test: Key for women, not as much for men So much fluctuation of estrogen during the cycle More efficacious than single-serum test Listen to my podcast on the DUTCH test -What about cardiovascular health...59:11 Primary interventions - diet, lifestyle - help with 80% of cure 3 areas to focus on: Inflammation Endothelial dysfunction High LDL particle count Treat based on the reason for the problem; not because there's a problem The Insulin Of The Heart: A Little-Known Seed Extract That May Be The Future Panacea For Heart Disease. -How Drs. Mallin and Dawson go about identifying the perfect diet for people... They're both on very different diets Use genomics to figure out predispositions Weston A. Price Start with what the person likes; the "perfect diet" is useless if people don't adhere to it. -About the Kentucky Castle, and upcoming event where Ben will be speaking...1:09:13 -And much more! Special Announcements: - Kentucky Castle Event: On April 6, 2019, Drs. Dawson and Mallin will show you the science of how to look at your genetics and personalize every life decision to what your body will respond best to. Ben Greenfield will share his vast knowledge of nutrition and exercise science to help you figure out how to hack your biology and get the most out of the genetics you were born with. This will happen at the amazing Kentucky Castle. Interactive discussions and presentations will take place from 9am - 1pm on April 6th. Then everyone will take a field trip to Keeneland to watch the sport of kings, thoroughbred horse racing, at the most beautiful race track in the world. After the festivities we'll return to the castle for a feast in the evening and dinner with Ben Greenfield and Drs. Dawson and Mallin. There they'll answer your specific questions about genomics, personalized medicine, the microbiome, or any other questions you have. Registration is very limited, so click here to register now. -Retreat in the Swiss Alps: Join Ben Greenfield and Robyn Openshaw, aka The Green Smoothie Girl, for an immersive health retreat in the Swiss Alps! At this 2019 liver detox and R&R at the beautiful Swiss Mountain Clinic (formerly Paracelsus al Ronc) in the Italian quarter of Switzerland, you will stay on-site and receive diagnostics and treatments from the best doctors of biological medicine, to detox your liver and your soul. Plus you're going to have a wonderful time hiking, sightseeing and enjoying one of the most beautiful places in the world. Click here for more information. Spots are extremely limited! -Runga in Napa Valley: In September and October this year, people from all over the world will come together at a pristine property nestled on the ridge between Napa and Sonoma Valley, for one of the most immersive wellness experiences in the world. Guests spend four days connecting with each other and themselves, while learning and applying practices that are at the forefront of wellness and longevity. This is the RUNGA Immersion. Click here for more information. To keep up with all of Ben's upcoming public events, just visit the official Ben Greenfield Fitness Calendar. Resources from this episode: -Precision Medicine -My podcast on Onegevity Health -Book: End Of Alzheimer's by Dale Bredesen -The Fortune magazine article on BMAA -Reversal of Cognitive Decline: 100 Patients -A1 vs. A2 protein -PulseCenter PEMF -TianChi for Ashwagandha -JOOVV light -Oura ring -My podcast on the DUTCH test -The Insulin Of The Heart: A Little-Known Seed Extract That May Be The Future Panacea For Heart Disease. Episode Sponsors: -Kion: The Daily Life Bundle contains Ben and Team Kion's go to, everyday essentials: Kion Bars, Coffee, Aminos and Kion Lean. Use discount code "bgf10" and receive 10% off your order. -Trusii: Boost energy; increase focus; upgrade immunity; enhance fitness. All with hydrogen-rich water from Trusii. Use discount code "ben" and receive 30% off your order. -Zip Recruiter: The smartest way to hire. Use my link and try Zip Recruiter for FREE! -Marc Pro: Helps you recover right and keep your body healthy, so you can do the things you love now without paying for it later. Use discount code "ben" to receive 10% off your order. Do you have questions, thoughts or feedback for Dr. Dawson, Dr. Mallin or me? Leave your comments below and one of us will reply!See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

When it comes to nutrition benefits, clams are interesting creatures. For example, they are a well known as a source of iron.  There are two types of iron - heme and non-heme iron. Heme-iron is more bioavailable, which means it is better absorbed and can be utilized by the body. Clams have both versions of iron, and a 3-ounce serving of clams can provide up to 24 mg of iron. But they are an excellent source of: - Omega-3 fatty acids - Protein - Vitamin A - Niacin - Potassium - Thiamin - Calcium - Thiamine - Folate - Choline - Magnesium - Sodium - Iron - Vitamin B12 - Selenium -Manganese -Vitamin C -Copper - Phosphorus -Riboflavin - Zinc - Vitamin E - Vitamin B6 - Vitamin K The list goes on and on...and my guest on today's show, Craig Dinkel - a supplement formulator, ultra-endurance athlete, altitude specialist and much more - has managed to study and harness the power of clams. On today's show we take a deep dive into clams, his new Altifuel supplement, and much, much more. During our discussion, you'll learn: -About Craig's adventure on the Hardest Hike in America (which we talked about his last time on the podcast)...4:30 Along the Sierra High route; At altitude (9-12k feet); 33 mountain passes Takes over 3 weeks to finish Pack ultra-light everything Big mistake: Bought ultra-light backpack Not designed to carry as much weight. Excess weight caused strain on lower back and glutes Get the weight higher up (mid-back or higher) Decided to pull out the 3rd day - potentially dangerous situation -Why Craig initially sought the health benefits of clams...19:20 Desiccated liver extract powder great for high-altitude events Clams have highest amount of iron and Vitamin B12 available Clams are a more potent version of the desiccated liver -Concerns about the level of contaminants found in clams...23:45 Use wild, farm-raised clams Small serving (3 oz.) of clams contain 1500% of daily iron intake Heme vs. non-heme iron Great source of minerals High amount of Omega 3 and Vitamin K2 -What Craig combines clams with to get the highest level of efficacy...30:30 Cordyceps, rhodiola, ginkgo biloba Rhodiola crenulata vs. Rosea Maintains sodium pulmonary transport in the body Helps reverse altitude sickness AMS - Acute Mountain Sickness Cordyceps - Oxygen producing capabilities with poly saccharides Why not add blue-green AFA to his ingredients... Strong nootropic effect Helps with muscle recovery Wanted most powerful source to work with blood development; clams superior. Have to pick and choose what you think is the best -Best practices for taking the capsules...43:00 Find lowest dose for highest impact -And much more... Resources from this episode:  -Kifaru backpacks -Altifuel supplement with clam option and liver option -Biotropic Labs  -My previous episodes with Craig Dinkel: Shattering World Swim Records On 25-Piece Fried Chicken Buckets, Climbing Mountains While Eating Defatted, Vegan, Grass-Fed, Argentinian Liver Anhydrate & Much More. Recovery For Aging Athletes, Cross-Patterning, A New Kind Of High Intensity Interval Training, An Oxygen Boosting Supplement Called “Oxcia” & More! A Potent Pre-Sauna Stack, How To Cleanse Your Blood Before Bed, 700%+ Endurance Increases, The Best Supplements For Altitude Performance & Much More With Craig Dinkel of Biotropic Labs. The Hardest Hike In America, How To Train & Eat For Altitude, Dangerous Ingredients In Supplements & More With Craig Dinkel of Biotropic Labs. Episode Sponsors: -Kion: The Recovery Bundle Contains Kion Flex, Kion Aminos Tablet, LivingFuel SuperEssentials® Omega 3EDA+. Use discount code "bgf10" and receive 10% off your order. -Organifi Red: A “Tart-Sweet” Custom Brew With The HOTTEST Fat Melting And “Skin-Firming” Superfoods In The World. Use code "greenfield" at checkout and receive 20% off your order. -Purathrive: Stay in ketosis, shred fat off your body, experience sustained energy throughout the day… and… break through plateaus to reach the next level that once felt out of reach. Do you have questions, thoughts or feedback for Craig or me? Leave your comments below and one of us will reply!See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.