Insight meditation teacher and author Richard Shankman discusses the different types of jhana in Theravada tradition - Sutta jhana and Vishudimagga jhana. He also touches on vipassana jhana and relates insight development to these jhana systems. The discussion offers a detailed look into the intricacies of Theravada meditation, enriching understanding for both experienced practitioners and those new to the tradition.
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Quick takeaways
Different types of Jhana (Sutta and Vishudimagga) offer contrasting approaches to meditative absorption in Theravada Buddhism.
Insight meditation teachers like Sharon Salzberg focus on mindfulness while others like Sayadaw Pa-Auk emphasize exclusive breath concentration for Jhana practice.
Deep dives
Different Approaches to Jhana Practice
Various understandings of Jhana, or meditative absorption, exist in the Taravada Buddhist tradition. Different teachers, such as Sharon Salzberg and Sayadaw Pa-Auk, emphasize distinct techniques in their Jhana practice. Sharon Salzberg focuses on mindfulness of the present experience without excessive concentration, while Sayadaw Pa-Auk instructs to exclusively focus on the breath, leading to a specific mental image called nimitta and subsequent absorption into the first jhana, characterized by bliss.
Role of Jhana in Liberation
In the Sudhimaga tradition, Jhana is not deemed necessary for liberation, as it follows a separate path focusing on insight practice without a strong emphasis on Jhana. Conversely, the Pali Suttas highlight the significance of Jhana, although it is not explicitly stated as a requirement for full enlightenment. The importance of Jhana is evident in the gradual stages of enlightenment, with varying views on its essential role throughout the journey.
Integration of Jhana and Insight Practice
The distinction between Vipassana Jhanas and Suttajhanas is discussed, suggesting a connection between insight practice and absorption states. Different interpretations exist regarding the relationship between these states in the Buddhist tradition. While the Vasudimaga and Suttas agree on the benefits of deeply concentrated states, the Sudhimaga emphasizes insight practice separate from Jhana, while the Suttas suggest that insights can arise within the Jhana state itself or post-meditation, depending on the experiences and practices undertaken.
We continue our discussion with insight meditation teacher and author, Richard Shankman. In this episode we continue to dissect the different kinds of samadhi and their respective fruits–what in the Theravada tradition are called jhana (or “meditative absorption”). According to Shankman there are two ways of approaching the attainment of jhana, one as was taught in the original canonical texts of the Theravada, the Pali Suttas, and the other from the later commentaries on the Buddha’s teachings, the Vishudimagga. As a result we get two different forms of jhana–one called Sutta jhana and the other called Vishudimagga jhana. This two-fold understanding, though geeky, shines light on the different methods of practicing both samadhi and vipassana meditation and offers a unitary model for understanding the two together.
We also briefly touch on a term called “vipassana jhana,” which is used by notable Burmese and American insight meditation teachers, and relate the development of insight (via vipassana) to these two jhana systems. For those folks who have experience practicing or studying in the Theravada tradition you will likely find your understanding of the tradition deeply enriched. For those in other traditions you will almost certainly find this an interesting glimpse into the detailed intricacies of a one of the oldest Buddhist traditions of meditation.