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Anti-Judaism vs. Anti-Semitism
- Modern anti-Semitism is a racial ideology distinct from ancient religious opposition to Jews.
- Anti-Judaism, opposition based on religion and practice, originates in early Christianity, partly from the New Testament.
Defining Anti-Semitism and Anti-Judaism
- Anti-Semitism targets Jews by race, anti-Judaism targets religious practices and beliefs.
- Anti-Semitism, as racial hatred, evolved in the 19th century, making it inaccurate to label New Testament texts as anti-Semitic.
Jewish Groups in Gospel of John
- The Gospel of John depicts three Jewish groups: authorities, general people, and Jesus' followers.
- Jewish authorities are often portrayed as opponents, while Jesus' followers are protagonists, with ordinary Jews caught between.