78. Astrophysics Meets Biology: Infrared Light and Human Health | Robert Fosbury, PhD
Aug 20, 2024
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Bob Fosbury, an honorary professor at University College London and an Emeritus Astronomer at the European Southern Observatory, brings his astrophysics expertise to explore the fascinating interactions between light and human health. He discusses how near-infrared light is vital for mitochondrial function and overall health. Bob critiques modern lighting practices that obscure natural light's benefits, emphasizing the need for architectural designs that embrace sunlight. His insights reveal the profound impact of light on biological evolution and the necessity for a holistic understanding of health and wellness.
Bob Fosbury emphasizes that the interaction of light, particularly near-infrared light, is fundamental for optimal mitochondrial function and overall energy efficiency in biological systems.
The transition from natural sunlight to artificial lighting has dramatically impacted human health, leading to chronic conditions due to insufficient exposure to full-spectrum light.
An interdisciplinary approach is essential in addressing the light deficiency crisis, advocating for urban designs that prioritize natural light to enhance human well-being.
Deep dives
The Journey from Astrophysics to Biology
Bob Fosbury transitioned from a successful career in astrophysics to explore vital intersections between light and biology, particularly focused on understanding how different wavelengths affect human health. His extensive background in using the largest telescopes allowed him to become familiar with various techniques that he later applied to biological problems. The conversation highlights his serendipitous collaboration with colleagues who study the effects of red light on mitochondria, which opened avenues for exploring the implications of light on health. Fosbury's unique perspective stems from a belief that the rules and principles of light in astrophysics can also be applicable to biological systems.
Sunlight and the Evolution of Life
Life on Earth has evolved in close relation to sunlight, with processes like photosynthesis beginning early in biological history. The interaction of light with organisms is fundamental to energy generation and sustenance, as the inception of oxygen production by early life forms allowed for the development of complex organisms. This adaptation to oxygen-rich environments led to the evolution of the mitochondria, which are essential for energy production in cells. Fosbury emphasizes that without sunlight, essential biological processes struggle, leading to various health issues, akin to a systematic breakdown of biological fundamentals.
The Dangers of Modern Lighting
The shift from natural sunlight to artificial lighting, particularly fluorescent and LED technologies, has drastically altered the light environment in which humans exist. Fosbury critiques these forms of lighting, noting their inefficiencies in providing the full spectrum of sunlight, particularly the crucial near-infrared light. This absence has led to rising concerns about chronic health conditions, such as type 2 diabetes and mitochondrial dysfunction, especially in individuals subjected to these artificial light sources. An intriguing contrast is drawn between how historical access to sunlight has been replaced by modern office environments that repel the natural energies crucial for health.
Near-Infrared Light and Mitochondrial Function
Fosbury delves into the significance of near-infrared light in facilitating optimal mitochondrial function, likening light to a 'lubricant' for cellular processes. The understanding of how light interacts on a molecular level reveals that near-infrared photons can excite molecules in ways that enhance some biological reactions and overall energy efficiency. Interestingly, he mentions the role of infrared light in reproductive health, asserting that both plant and human reproductive processes rely heavily on adequate exposure to this light spectrum for health. The conversation indicates a strong link between light availability and metabolic health, suggesting that invisible light plays a far more complex role in biology than previously acknowledged.
Interdisciplinary Solutions to Health Deterioration
The discussion highlights a unique interdisciplinary approach, involving experts from various fields collaborating to address the light deficiency crisis in modern environments. This team consists of professionals from astrophysics, biology, and medicine, united in their effort to promote awareness about the consequences of inadequate light exposure on health. Fosbury suggests that architects and urban planners should consider the importance of sunlight in building designs, thus improving human health and well-being. This collaborative effort aims not only to rectify current deficiencies but also to innovate solutions that could revolutionize how built environments interact with human biology.
Practical Steps to Improve Health Through Light
Fosbury provides actionable advice for individuals to enhance their light exposure and thereby improve their health. He emphasizes the importance of spending time outdoors, especially under trees where light is filtered to provide beneficial wavelengths while protecting from direct, harmful sunlight. Furthermore, he discusses the practical implementation of low-voltage incandescent bulbs as a cost-effective means to introduce infrared light back into indoor environments. These practices collectively serve to combat the issues arising from artificial lighting and promote healthier living conditions.
Robert Fosbury is an honorary professor at University College London and Emeritus Astronomer at the European Southern Observatory. We discuss the incredible interactions of near-infrared light with life on earth, how organisms have evolved to harness this light, light:mitochondria interactions, consequences for human health of removing infrared light in modern built environment and much, much more.
Prof. Fosbury has applied his astrophysics background to matters of light & biology interaction with fascinating insights and perspectives.
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