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Masada's Last Stand
- Josephus recorded the Masada defenders' mass suicide and Elazar ben Ya'ir's final speech.
- The Romans found the bodies after breaching the walls, making Masada a powerful founding myth for modern Israel.
Diaspora To Zionism
- The Roman destruction of Jerusalem birthed a millennia-long Jewish diaspora and endemic siege mentality.
- Zionism later emerged as an intellectual movement aiming to restore a safe Jewish homeland.
1948 War And Palestinian Exodus
- Israel's 1948 creation triggered immediate war with neighboring Arab states and large-scale Palestinian displacement.
- Around 700,000 Palestinians became refugees in what Palestinians call al-Nakba, deepening the regional grievance.