The Health Effects of Cannabis: Sleep, Fertility, CBD vs THC, & More
Feb 12, 2025
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Dr. Matt Hill, a PhD in behavioral neuroscience and director of the Hill Lab at UC Calgary, dives deep into the science of cannabis. He explains the key differences between THC and CBD, offering insights on their effects on sleep and anxiety. The conversation highlights the importance of dosing and consumption methods, examining the risks associated with long-term use and potential mental health issues. Listeners gain actionable tips for safe cannabis use, including navigating edibles and understanding the endocannabinoid system's role in overall well-being.
THC and CBD have distinct effects on the body, influencing factors like anxiety, pain management, and the overall cannabis experience.
The endocannabinoid system plays a pivotal role in how individuals respond to cannabis, impacting mood, pain, and appetite regulation.
Cannabis use in adolescents poses risks to cognitive and developmental outcomes, necessitating careful consideration and moderation in consumption.
While cannabis may aid in pain relief and appetite stimulation, it also carries potential risks, highlighting the need for informed and responsible use.
Differential effects of cannabis on male and female reproductive health suggest unique considerations for fertility and hormonal balance based on gender.
Deep dives
Understanding Cannabis Compounds
Cannabis contains various compounds, primarily THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) and CBD (cannabidiol), which influence its psychological and physical effects. THC is responsible for the psychoactive effects most associated with cannabis, while CBD has gained popularity for its potential therapeutic benefits. The relationship between THC and CBD is competitive; as cannabis is bred for higher THC content, CBD levels tend to decrease. This biphasic interaction suggests that finding a balanced strain can offer therapeutic benefits without overwhelming psychoactive effects.
The Complexity of CBD's Efficacy
CBD is often marketed for its calming effects, particularly regarding anxiety, although research indicates that effective doses for anxiety tend to be significantly high, much higher than typical consumer dosages. Most over-the-counter CBD products have low bioavailability when taken orally, making them potentially ineffective for many users. Furthermore, clinical studies suggest that while CBD might help those with actual anxiety disorders, it may not significantly affect individuals without such conditions. The discrepancy between anecdotal reports and scientific evidence highlights the need for dosage research in CBD products.
Cannabis and Mental Health
The impact of cannabis on mental health, particularly regarding conditions like anxiety and stress, is multifaceted. THC can enhance mood and lower anxiety at lower doses by affecting the excitatory and inhibitory signals in the brain. However, at higher doses, THC may exacerbate anxiety, leading to paranoia or negative emotional responses. Therefore, understanding personal tolerance and proper dosing is crucial for those using cannabis to manage anxiety and stress.
Potential Risks in Adolescents
Adolescents who use cannabis may face heightened risks, particularly regarding cognitive and developmental outcomes. Cannabis use disorder can occur if consumption becomes frequent, adversely impacting academic performance and personal growth. Although the evidence is mixed concerning long-term cognitive effects, early and heavy use has been correlated with adverse outcomes. It is advised that young users limit consumption and be cognizant of its potential impacts on their development.
Understanding Pain Relief Mechanisms
Cannabis may serve as an effective agent for pain management by altering pain perception rather than solely targeting inflammation. Users report that cannabis can transform pain into 'background noise,' making it less disruptive, which is particularly beneficial for those with chronic pain. The emotional modulation of pain is essential; cannabis helps manage the psychological aspects, allowing individuals to sleep better and re-engage in daily activities without being dominated by pain. This multidimensional approach to pain underscores cannabis's potential use in holistic pain management strategies.
Cannabis as a Possible Appetite Stimulant
Cannabis is well-known for increasing appetite, particularly in medical contexts such as cancer treatment or chronic illnesses. The 'munchies' arise due to THC activating brain circuits associated with hunger and pleasure. However, this can be both beneficial and detrimental, as increased caloric intake can lead to weight gain if not monitored. In some cases, individuals intentionally use cannabis to stimulate appetite during illness, illustrating its dual role as an enhancer and a potential risk factor for unhealthy eating behaviors.
Cannabis and the Endocannabinoid System
The endocannabinoid system plays a critical role in mediating the effects of cannabis, as it helps regulate various physiological processes, including mood, pain, and appetite. Cannabis interacts with this system by either enhancing or dampening responses based on the cannabinoid receptors’ location in the brain. This interaction suggests that individual variability in receptor distribution and function can influence how each person experiences cannabis. Thus, the therapeutic potential of cannabis may differ significantly among individuals depending on their endocannabinoid system’s state.
Gender Differences in Cannabis Effects
Research indicates that cannabis may affect male and female users differently, particularly concerning hormonal levels and reproductive health. Males may experience altered testosterone levels and potential impacts on sperm quality with chronic cannabis use, which could affect fertility. In females, cannabis may influence menstrual cycles but is less clear regarding long-term fertility outcomes. Both genders must consider these factors when making informed choices about cannabis use, especially in relation to family planning.
Approaching Cannabis Use With Caution
While cannabis may offer various benefits, including pain relief, anxiety reduction, and appetite stimulation, it is also accompanied by potential risks and uncertainties. Users should approach cannabis with a clear understanding of its effects, potential for dependence, and individual responses. Monitoring personal experiences and consulting healthcare professionals can help mitigate risks associated with usage. Ultimately, individuals must weigh the benefits against potential harms based on their specific situations and health needs.
Harm Reduction and Responsible Use
For those considering or currently using cannabis, harm reduction strategies are essential to minimize risks associated with consumption. These may include starting with lower doses, choosing non-smoking methods, and being mindful of the context in which cannabis is consumed. For adolescents and individuals with a history of substance use disorders, moderation and education on cannabis effects are vital. Ultimately, making informed choices can empower users to integrate cannabis into their lives responsibly while maximizing its potential benefits.
Do you ever wonder if your cannabis use is having negative consequences? And how do you know if you’re using cannabis in a healthy way? Dr. Matt Hill teaches us about the components, risks, and potential benefits of cannabis use, including how THC, CBD, CBN, & CBG may affect your endocannabinoid system, sleep, respiratory health, adrenals, anxiety, and more.
Liz and Matt discuss everything from the chemical makeup of cannabis, the ideal dosage and consumption methods, and the warning signs for cannabis use disorder. As always, this episode will leave you with actionable tips to help you understand your cannabis use and reduce the potential risks.
03:20 THC vs CBD’s Effects & Mechanisms
10:03 The Endocannabinoid System
24:04 Withdrawal, Sleep, & Anxiety
32:18 Edibles, Tinctures, Vaping, Or Smoking
38:33 Dosing Guidelines & Recommendations
46:46 Cannabis & Mental Health Risks
57:59 Legalization & Regulatory Issues
01:02:13 Addiction & Use Disorder
01:09:58 The Munchies Explained
01:15:14 Cannabis, Cortisol, & Stress Responses
01:25:46 Cannabis For Pain Management: Mechanisms and Benefits
01:34:45 Cannabis For Anxiety: Comparing to Traditional Medications
The Liz Moody Podcast cover art by Zack. The Liz Moody Podcast music by Alex Ruimy.
Formerly the Healthier Together Podcast.
This podcast and website represents the opinions of Liz Moody and her guests to the show. The content here should not be taken as medical advice. The content here is for information purposes only, and because each person is so unique, please consult your healthcare professional for any medical questions.
