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Veteran Who Kept His Nightmares
- A Vietnam veteran refused nightmare medication because he needed to be a living memorial to his fallen comrades.
- Bessel van der Kolk said this loyalty sparked his lifelong fascination with how trauma embeds in people.
Trauma Freezes Sensory Memories
- Traumatic memories remain sensory and untransformed instead of becoming coherent narratives.
- Van der Kolk explained these images and sensations stay fixed while nontraumatized memories evolve.
Trauma Shuts Down Language
- When people are overwhelmed, Broca's area shuts down and they lose the ability to articulate.
- Van der Kolk used this finding to argue therapy must bypass the tyranny of language.



