When managing inpatient diabetes, it is important to monitor blood sugar levels and make adjustments to insulin regimens as needed.
Glycemic control targets should be individualized based on patient factors, with a focus on avoiding hypoglycemia while still aiming for tight control.
Monitoring blood sugars and considering correctional insulin in addition to basal and mealtime insulin can help personalize insulin regimens for effective diabetes management.
Deep dives
Starting insulin and adjusting doses
To manage Enzo's diabetes in the hospital, he is started on 30 units of glargine in the evening and 5-6 units of correctional insulin with meals. The next step is to monitor his blood sugar levels throughout the day and make adjustments as needed. If his blood sugars are consistently high, the mealtime insulin may need to be increased. If he goes to bed with high blood sugars, the basal insulin dose may need to be reduced. It is important to communicate with the patient and nurse to understand their dietary intake and any external factors that may impact blood sugar levels.
Goals and targets for inpatient glycemic control
Inpatient glycemic control targets typically aim for fasting blood sugars of less than 140 mg/dL and postprandial blood sugars of less than 180 mg/dL. While more stringent goals may be appropriate for some patients, avoiding hypoglycemia is prioritized. Guidelines from organizations like the American Diabetes Association recommend individualizing glycemic targets based on patient factors and balancing tight control with safety.
Use of sliding scale insulin and correctional insulin
The use of sliding scale insulin alone is generally discouraged in the hospital setting. However, there may be instances where correctional insulin can be used for patients with mild hyperglycemia on a case-by-case basis, as long as the terminology is transparent and patients are closely monitored. Personalizing insulin regimens based on patient-specific needs and considering correctional insulin in addition to basal and mealtime insulin may be necessary.
Monitoring and adjusting insulin doses
When titrating insulin doses, it is important to consider the balance between basal and mealtime insulin and continually assess the patient's response. Increasing mealtime insulin may be necessary if blood sugars remain elevated throughout the day, while reducing basal insulin may be appropriate if blood sugars drop significantly overnight. Close communication with the patient and nurse, as well as consideration of dietary intake and external factors, is crucial for effective diabetes management.
Importance of Monitoring Blood Sugars
Monitoring blood sugars is crucial for diabetes management. Blood sugar levels can vary from day to day, and it is important to look for patterns in order to make necessary adjustments. By monitoring blood sugars, healthcare professionals can avoid putting patients on a rollercoaster of fluctuating levels and implement appropriate changes to their insulin dosage.
Managing Blood Sugars During Steroid Use
Steroids can cause postprandial hyperglycemia, making it difficult to predict insulin needs. When patients are prescribed high doses of steroids, an insulin drip might be necessary to effectively manage blood sugar levels. For patients who have not been on insulin before, starting with basal insulin and adjusting the dosage based on the steroid effect can be effective. Using NPH insulin in combination with mealtime and basal insulin can help cover the steroid effect, with dosages determined based on the patient's weight and the steroid dose.
Dominate inpatient diabetes! In this part 1 of 2, we discuss how to handle oral hypoglycemics, how to choose an initial insulin regimen, the use of correction scale insulin monotherapy, how to titrate insulin, how to use NPH for steroid-induced hyperglycemia (check out this Twitter thread on safe dosing), and how to reconcile diabetes meds at discharge!
Stay tuned for part 2 (drops Wed April 27th) covering diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), euglycemic DKA, how to handle insulin pumps in the hospital, continuous glucose monitors, and how to transition patients off an insulin drip!
Our guest is Dr. Dave Lieb (@dclieb), an internist, endocrinologist and the endocrinology program director from Eastern Virginia Medical School.
CME Partner: VCU Health CE The Curbsiders partner with VCU Health Continuing Education to offer FREE continuing education credits for physicians and other healthcare professionals. Visit curbsiders.vcuhealth.org and search for this episode to claim credit.
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