Maisie Barrett and Noel Gordon share their experiences as black British children labeled 'educationally subnormal' in the 1960s and 70s. They discuss how this mislabeling led them to schools that neglected literacy and learning. Both later discovered they were dyslexic, prompting a transformative re-evaluation of their identities. The conversation delves into the intersections of ableism, racism, and the enduring impact of eugenics on educational systems. Their stories highlight the importance of recognizing and supporting diverse educational needs.
Maisie Barrett and Noel Gordon's experiences highlight the detrimental impact of negative educational labels shaped by systemic racism and ableism.
Their diagnoses of dyslexia in adulthood transformed their identities and underscored the critical need for supportive educational environments for marginalized children.
Deep dives
The Impact of Educational Labeling
Maisie Barrett’s experience in primary school in Leeds highlights the damaging effects of labeling students as 'backward' or 'subnormal.' After being called to the headmistress's office and receiving this label, she was transferred to an Educationally Subnormal (ESN) school where the curriculum was minimal and focused more on survival than academic growth. Maisie discovered that the school lacked structured lessons, primarily providing opportunities for coloring and basic reading, thereby hindering her educational development. This labeling and the conditions of the ESN school significantly affected her self-perception and future learning opportunities, illustrating how negative educational labels can shape a child's path.
The Intersection of Racism and Educational Support
The podcast discusses how children from immigrant backgrounds, particularly those of Caribbean descent, faced systemic disadvantages within the British educational system during the 1960s and 70s. Noel Gordon, who was labeled a 'dunce,' shares parallel experiences with Maisie, revealing that such designations stemmed not only from perceived disabilities but also from racial biases. Language barriers further restricted these children's opportunities for proper evaluation and support, often leading to their misplacement in ESN schools where they received inadequate education. This systemic failure illustrates the intersection of racism and perceived educational needs, affecting generations of children from marginalized communities.
Reclaiming Identity Through Education
Both Maisie and Noel experienced a transformative journey in adulthood as they pursued education, seeking to overturn the labels that had negatively defined their identities. After receiving diagnoses of dyslexia long after their initial schooling, both learners found clarity in their past struggles and began to thrive academically. Maisie's return to education allowed her to complete numerous qualifications, ultimately publishing a book detailing her journey, while Noel overcame significant challenges to earn a degree and share his story through teaching. Their experiences underscore the importance of proper educational support and the potential for individuals to reclaim their identities and life trajectories through learning and self-advocacy.
In the 1960s and 70s, Maisie Barrett and Noel Gordon were two black British children wrongly labelled as “educationally subnormal”. They were sent to schools where children were never taught to read or write.
They’re just two examples of a scandal that affected hundreds of children in the UK, one that has never been officially acknowledged.
As adults, Noel and Maisie made a surprising discovery - they were both dyslexic. And with that diagnosis came a profound reimagining of themselves and what had happened to them.
Matthew Syed considers the relationship between ableism, racism and eugenics - concepts with roots that stretch back centuries and which continue to have a profound impact on society today.
With Maisie Barrett, Noel Gordon, sociologist Dr Chantelle Jessica Lewis, Assistant Professor Dr Robert Chapman, and occupational therapist Jenny Okolo.
Presenter: Matthew Syed
Producer: Tej Adeleye & Tom Wright
Series Editor: Katherine Godfrey
Sound Design and Mix: Rob Speight
Theme music by Ioana Selaru
A Novel production for BBC Radio 4
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