The Science Behind The FDA Ban On Food Dye Red No. 3
Jan 20, 2025
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Maria Godoy, a Senior editor and science desk correspondent for NPR, dives into the FDA's recent ban on the controversial food dye Red No. 3. She explains its ties to cancer risks in lab rats and behavioral issues in children. The conversation covers the FDA's inconsistent regulations, the potential replacements for Red No. 3, and the importance of mindful eating for kids. Godoy emphasizes the need for parents to scrutinize food labels and supports a shift toward healthier, plant-based foods while allowing occasional treats.
The FDA's ban on Red No. 3 reflects a commitment to food safety by eliminating harmful additives linked to cancer risk.
Concerns about synthetic food dyes highlight their potential impact on children's behavior, prompting calls for stricter regulations and healthier alternatives.
Deep dives
FDA Bans Red Dye Number Three
The Food and Drug Administration has banned the food dye Red Number Three, revoking its long-standing authorization due to concerns over its link to cancer. The dye, which has been used in various products for over 50 years, has been found to cause cancer in male lab rats after exposure to high levels. This decision comes after a petition was filed in 2002 that prompted the FDA to review existing evidence under the Delaney Clause, which stipulates that no food additive can be approved if it is found to cause cancer. The ban underscores the FDA's commitment to food safety, especially as similar restrictions have been implemented in several other countries, including Australia and Japan.
Concerns Over Other Synthetic Dyes
In addition to the ban on Red Number Three, concerns are rising about other synthetic food dyes, such as Red 40 and Yellow 5, which have been linked to behavioral issues in children. Research has suggested that consumption of these dyes can contribute to symptoms like hyperactivity and inattention, leading advocacy groups to call for stricter regulations and warning labels on affected products. This scrutiny highlights a growing awareness around food additives, particularly regarding how lower-income communities are more exposed to these artificial colors in cheaper, ultra-processed foods. As awareness increases, California has already started taking steps to eliminate several harmful dyes from school meals.
Transitioning Away from Synthetic Dyes
With the FDA allowing until January 2027 for manufacturers to remove Red Number Three from their products, the transition may vary among companies. While some may quickly reformulate their recipes, there are concerns that substitutes like Red 40 could be used even though it also has associated health risks. Meanwhile, more natural alternatives such as colors derived from fruits and vegetables are encouraged, as seen in Kraft Foods' shift to using spices instead of artificial dyes. Parents are advised to focus on a healthy diet for their children, prioritizing whole foods while remaining aware of ingredients in packaged products.
On Wednesday, the Food and Drug Administration announced it is banning the dye called Red No. 3, a food dye additive in many processed foods, like sodas, sweets and snacks. Recently, it and other dyes were linked to behavior issues in children. But high levels of Red No. 3 were linked to cancer in rats decades ago. So why is the ban happening now?
Senior editor and science desk correspondent Maria Godoy answers our questions about Red No. 3 and other dyes that may replace it. Plus, how should parents think about feeding their kids products that may contain Red No. 3 before the ban takes affect.
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