Free Thoughts

How the 14th Amendment Changed America (with Randy Barnett and Evan Bernick)

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Sep 30, 2022
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INSIGHT

14th Amendment Recast Most Rights Claims

  • The Fourteenth Amendment made most modern constitutional challenges effectively 14th Amendment cases by applying federal protections against states.
  • Rights like speech, arms, and search protections became enforceable against states only after the 14th Amendment.
INSIGHT

Letter First, Spirit Guides Construction

  • 'Spirit' complements the 'letter' by filling textual gaps using original purposes and historical evidence.
  • The spirit cannot override original textual meaning but helps implement it in borderline cases.
INSIGHT

Under-Determinacy Requires Construction

  • Language is under-determinate: framers couldn't foresee every future borderline case.
  • Constitutional construction should use original purposes and patterns of usage to resolve ambiguities.
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