#208: Herman Pontzer, PhD - Constrained Energy Expenditure Model & the Evolutionary Biology of Energy Balance
Dec 6, 2017
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Herman Pontzer, an evolutionary biologist, discusses the constrained energy expenditure model, physical activity paradox, and why humans can expend so much energy in short time frames. The podcast challenges beliefs about calorie burn and activity levels, delves into evolutionary biology of energy balance, and explores the impact of physical activity on health and disease.
Constrained energy expenditure model suggests adaptations maintain stable calorie burning regardless of activity level.
Evolutionary biology influences the body's tendency to stabilize energy expenditure despite varying activities.
Regular exercise remains crucial for health benefits, even if daily energy expenditure doesn't significantly increase.
Deep dives
Daily Exercise May Not Significantly Alter Daily Energy Expenditure
Increasing physical activity levels may lead to short-term higher energy expenditure, but over time, the body adjusts to maintain a similar daily energy expenditure, research suggests.
The Concept of Constrained Total Energy Expenditure Model
The body may adapt to a higher level of physical activity to keep the total number of calories burned relatively constant. This constrained model challenges the traditional belief that increasing activity level leads to a proportional increase in energy expenditure.
Evolutionary Perspective on Energy Expenditure Adaptation
Various species, including humans, display a tendency to maintain a stable energy expenditure irrespective of activity levels. This adaptation is believed to be shaped by evolution to optimize energy use while ensuring survival.
Importance of Regular Physical Activity for Health Benefits
Although daily energy expenditure may not increase significantly with higher physical activity levels, regular exercise remains crucial for overall health benefits. People in hunter-gatherer tribes demonstrate improved health outcomes due to higher activity levels.
Advice on Incorporating Daily Physical Activity
Allocating dedicated time each day for physical activity can positively impact mental and physical well-being. Incorporating exercise into daily routines supports overall health and holistic well-being, highlighting exercise as a key tool for maintaining health.
Evoultionary biologist Dr. Herman Pontzer of Hunter College discusses the model of contrained energy expenditure and the metabolic adaptations that accompany high levels of physical activity.
Dr. Pontzer is an associate professor at the Department of Anthropology, Hunter College & City University of New York. He is an evolutionary biologist with a PhD in Biological Anthropology from Harvard University. He has published seminal work in the area of energetics, including viewing human energy expenditure via a model of constrained total energy expenditure. He s truly a world-class leader in this field and has been repeatedly recognized internationally for his research.
In This Episode We Discuss:
Constrained vs. Additive model of total energy expenditure The physical activity paradox: Do highly active populations actually burn more calories? Why NEAT, movement efficiency and other metabolic adaptations can't fully explain the paradox Why did we evolve this way? Why are human capable of expending so much energy in acute time frames?
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