The podcast discusses the concept of 'Endlings' and focuses on the Carolina parakeet and passenger pigeon. It explores their decline and extinction due to hunting, habitat destruction, and lack of conservation efforts. It also highlights the unique characteristics of giant tortoises in the Galapagos Islands and the story of Lonesome George, the last of his species. The episode also includes sponsor ads for Chinette's eco-friendly products and Roku Streambar.

Discussion on the challenges of reviewing lengthy law review articles in the research process. Exploring the story of George Remus, the bootleg king who inspired Jay Gatsby. Making sparkling water at home using a soda stream and trying different flavors. A scientific argument leads to a cleaner method. The scandalous elopement incident and boundary issues. Ads for Ron Howard's new podcast, Tommy Didario's show, and 'Remiss: The Mad Bootleg King'.

The podcast explores the origins of carbonated drinks and the pioneering work of Joseph Priestley. It discusses the advancements in carbonating water in the 18th century and the rise of carbonated beverages. The hosts also delve into Schweppe's challenges and expansion, including his efforts to expand in the British market and the power struggles among the partners. They discuss the various types of carbonated water produced by Schweppe, the introduction of tonic water, and the company's expansion into the U.S. market.

Explore the lasting effects of the Insular Cases on the civil rights and lives of people in US territories. Learn about the philosophy of manifest destiny, debates around territorial acquisition, and the constitutional rights disparity between territories and the continental US. Discover the court cases and arguments surrounding the Insular Cases, including the impact on Puerto Rico's legal status. Uncover the limitations on constitutional rights for people in territories and the issue of legal racism.

Buddy Bolden, the first jazz performer, had a tragic life story. The episode explores his brief but influential career, struggles with mental illness, challenges in researching his life, personal life and impact on the New Orleans music scene, and his connection to the red light district of Storyville.

The podcast discusses the controversy around Ming the clam and the problems with sourcing Anna's story. They also talk about their love for misbehaved pets, delve into feminist history and discuss indigenous stereotypes. The chapter also features ads and sponsors.

It took a while to figure out the cause of milk sickness. One woman often gets credit for solving the mystery, but does that story hold up? Research: Allen, John W. “It Happened in Southern Illinois: The Legend of Dr. Anna Bigsby.” The Daily Register. Harrisburg, IL. 1957. Allen, John W. “It Happened in Southern Illinois.” Southern Illinois University. 1968. “Disease in Ohio, Ascribed to Some Deleterious Quality in Milk of Cows.” The Medical Repository May-July 1811: Vol 3.  Daly, Walter J. “’The "Slows’: The Torment of Milk Sickness on the Midwest Frontier. Indiana Magazine of History , MARCH 2006, Vol. 102, No. 1 (MARCH 2006). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/27792690 Furbee, Louanna and Dr. Wiliam D. Snively Jr. “Milk Sickness, 1811-1966: A Bibliography.” Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences , July, 1968, Vol. 23, No. 3 (July, 1968). https://www.jstor.org/stable/24621944 Hall, Elihu N. “Anna’s War Against the River Pirates and Cave Bandits of John A. Murrell’s Northern Drive.” Special Collections Research Center, Southern Illinois University Carbondale. Hardin County (Ill.). Historical Committee for the Centennial. “History of Hardin County, Illinois.” 1939. https://archive.org/details/historyofhardinc00hard Jordan, Philip D. “The Death of Nancy Hanks Lincoln.” Indiana Magazine of History , JUNE, 1944, Vol. 40, No. 2 (JUNE, 1944). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/27787425. Letter, W. D. Snively Jr. to Lowell Dearinger, with correspondence by Norman Ferrell, June 12, 1967. John W. Allen Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Southern Illinois University Carbondale. “Lowell A. Dearinger.” https://www.choisser.org/illinois/lowell.html McCarthy, Will. “How an 1800s Midwife Solved a Poisonous Mystery.” Smithsonian. July/August 2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/innovation/how-1800s-midwife-solved-poisionous-mystery-180982343/ Rodman, Adam. “Episode 67: Fever on the Frontier.” Bedside Rounds. Podcast. 3/20/2022. http://bedside-rounds.org/episode-67-fever-on-the-frontier/ A.W. “Reviewed Work: Ballads from the Bluffs by Elihu Nicholas Hall.” Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society (1908-1984), Vol. 42, No. 1 (Mar., 1949). https://www.jstor.org/stable/40188361. Scientific American. “Milk Sickness—Its Cause and Cure.” 4/17/1858. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/milk-sicknessits-cause-and-cure/ Shawnee Tribe. “History of the People.” https://www.shawnee-nsn.gov/history Smithsonian National Museum of the American Indian. “Shawnee Nation Case Study.” https://americanindian.si.edu/nk360/removal-six-nations/shawnee/treaty.cshtml Snively, William D. Jr. and Louanna Furbee. “Discoverer of the Cause of Milk Sickness.” JAMA. June 20, 1966. Snively, William D. Jr. and Louanna Furbee. “Researching a Historical Book.” JAMA. April 7, 1969. Waggoner, F.R. “Milk Sickness: Its Etiology, Pathology, Diagnosis, and Treatment.” Atlanta Medical and Surgical Journal. March 1859. Walker, J.W. “Milk-Sickness.” Science, Vol. 8, No. 199 (Nov. 26, 1886). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1760447 William I. Christensen. “Milk Sickness: A Review of the Literature.” Economic Botany, vol. 19, no. 3, 1965, pp. 293–300. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/4252612. Accessed 19 July 2023. Wood, Curtis W. “Milk Sickness.” NCPedia. 2006. https://www.ncpedia.org/milk-sickness See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Explore the world of very old animals, including Jonathan the tortoise, the oldest living land animal. Discover the age and historical significance of Jonathan and the controversy surrounding his connection to Napoleon Bonaparte. Dive into the research on Arctic Islandica clams and the backlash faced by researchers. Also, learn about the care and life of Jonathan, as well as the goals of studying clams. The podcast also touches on listener feedback, Olympic history, and performance-enhancing substances in sports.

This 2016 episode touches on the establishment of a submarine telegraph cable to connect North America and Europe. It took ingenuity, but more than anything else, it required tenacity. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Holly and Tracy talk about how the 1904 marathoners were abused by race organizers, and discuss lighter stories related to one of the runners. Tracy discusses John Singer Sargent's childhood drawings.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.