This Week in Virology

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Alan Dove, and Kathy Spindler The TWiVomics review ten captivating virology stories from 2015. Ten virology stories from 2015 Recoding to make vaccines and study viral functions: TWiV 351: The dengue codeTWiV 362: Gotta catch ’em all and new paper Defining the virome: TWiV 365: Blood, feuds, and a foodborne disease, TWiV 362: Gotta catch ’em all, TWiV 356: Got viruses?, TWiV 355: Baby’s first virome, TWiV 342: Public epitope #1, TWiV 323: A skid loader full of viromes Ebola outbreak wanes, vaccines tested, persistence noted: TWiV 361: Zombie viruses on the loose, TWiV 349: One ring to vaccinate them all, TWiV 341: Ebolavirus experiences, TWiV 336: Brought to you by the letters H, N, P, and Eye, TWiV 335: Ebola lite Spillovers and scares: TWiV 347: Rose rosette and squirrel roulette, TWiV 351: The dengue code, TWiV 364: It’s not SARS 2.0, TWiV 365: Blood, feuds, and a foodborne disease The “Gain of Function” debate continues: TWiV 321: aTrip and a pause, TWiV 351: The dengue code, TWiV 354: The cat in the HAART, TWiV 363: Eat flu and dyad, and the NSABB’s new draft report Detailed mechanisms of pathogenesis: TWiV 336: Brought to you by the letters H, N, P, and eye, and TWiV 345: How a vaccine got the nod - plus numerous episodes (324, 328, 329, 330, 339, 343, 349, 353, 369) where we talked about basic research that undergirds these clinically important discoveries. Dengue vaccines: Trial TWiV 319: Breaking breakbone. Dengvaxia was licensed in December in Mexico, Philippines, and Brazil (12/28); paper we didn’t have time to cover about broadly neutralizing Abs from viremic patients and another paper from same group with X-ray crystal structure of Ab + gpE. Why do some RNA viruses undergo antigenic variation and others do not? TWiV 340: No shift, measles TWiV 346: A double helical career TWiV 345: How a vaccine got the nod Letters read on TWiV 370 This episode is sponsored by ASM Microbe and ASM Biodefense Weekly Science Picks Alan - Scientifics onlineVincent - Giant squid in Tokyo HarborKathy - A Year of Sky Listener Picks Daniel - Paper LifeStephen - How to deal with science denialistsVenkat - Kabisa Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@twiv.tv

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Alan Dove, and Kathy Spindler A swarm of virologists discusses testing of a MERS coronavirus vaccine for camels, and how a neuronal stress pathway reactivates herpes simplex virus. Links for this episode MERS coronavirus vaccine for camels (Science) WHO MERS summary Neuronal stress pathway and herpes simplex virus reactivation (Cell Host Micr) Stress flips a chromatin switch (Cell Host Micr) How herpes simplex virus reactivates (UNC press release) Histone antibodies database New antibody portal (UNC press release) Image credit Letters read on TWiV 369 This episode is sponsored by Clinical Virology Symposium Weekly Science Picks Alan - SpaceX Falcon 9 landingVincent - Scientists: Engage the public! and Lego contest winnersKathy - Google Ngram viewer Listener Picks Dennis - Americapox: The missing plagueMark - WeatherSpark and Quasispecies theory Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@twiv.tv

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Alan Dove, Rich Condit, and Kathy Spindler A plaque of virologists explores the biology of Zika virus and recent outbreaks, and the contribution of a filamentous bacteriophage to the development of biofilms. Links for this episode More cowbell (Wikipedia) Microcephaly in Brazil (Outbreak News) Non-vector borne Zika transmission (EID) Zika virus outside Africa (EID) Zika virus possible sexual transmission (EID) Zika virus in saliva (J Clin Virol) Dengue's cousin Zika (Micr Inf) Filamentous phage promote biofilm assembly (Cell Host Micr) Biofilm history (MSU) Pseudomonas phage Pf1 Image credit Letters read on TWiV 368 This episode is sponsored by Clinical Virology Symposium and ASM Microbe Weekly Science Picks Alan - Twelve days of norovirusVincent - This Week in EvolutionRich - In the Kingdom of Ice by Hampton SidesKathy - Kajanjian lecture on Frederick Novy and Milestones ceremony at UM Listener Picks Peter - What if anti-vax, anti-science movement won?Stephen - Scandalous origin of vaccinesPritesh - Absurd way of doing business Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@twiv.tv

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Alan Dove, Rich Condit, and Kathy Spindler Guests: Carolyn Coyne and Coyne Drummond Two Coynes join the TWiV overlords to explain their three-dimensional culture model of polarized intestinal cells for studying enterovirus infection. Links for this episode Carolyn and placentas on TWiV 193 Three-dimensional cell culture model (mSphere) Bioreactor video (JoVE) Neurovirologist Richard T. Johnson, 84 (Hopkins and virology blog) Tardigrade HGT disputed (BioRxiv) Exaptation of archaeal virus capsid protein from Cas4 (Biol Dir) Image credit Letters read on TWiV 367 This episode is sponsored by ASM Microbe Weekly Science Picks Kathy - Tardigrade genome sequence (video)Alan - Antibiotic action nonprofit groupVincent - Ex Machina and genome editing moratoriumRich - Launch photography by Ben CooperKathy - HIV life cycle in video (paper)Dickson - 2015 Nobel Lectures Physiology or MedicineCarolyn - Metapneumovirus entry Listener Picks Tom - Global host-pathogen databaseTrudy - Madame Curie by Eve Curie Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@twiv.tv

Host: Vincent Racaniello Guests: Carla Giles, Zoe Dyson, Brianna McLean, and Caitlin O'Brien In Melbourne, Australia, Vincent speaks with four PhD students about their research projects and what it's like to get a doctorate down under. Video of this episode: view at YouTube This episode is sponsored by ASM Microbe and ASM Biodefense. Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@twiv.tv TWiV is a MicrobeTV Production

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Alan Dove, and Kathy Spindler For a TWiV Thanksgiving, Vincent, Alan, and Kathy trace the feud over genome editing, a new virus discovered in human blood, and the origins of hepatitis A virus. Links for this episode Battle over genome editing (Wired) 10:05 First description of CRISPR in E. coli (J Bacteriol) 14:00 Cas genes identified (Mol Micro) 14:20 CRISPR-Cas provides immunity to bacterial viruses (Science) 15:35 Cas9-crRNA complex mediates DNA cleavage (PNAS) 16:55 Dual RNA-guided DNA endonuclease in bacterial immunity (Science) 17:50 Genome engineering using CRISPR/Cas (Science) 18:50 Cpf1 endonuclease (Cell) 23:10 Classification of CRISPR/Cas systems (Nat Rev Micro) 23:50 Summit on gene editing 21:25 Novel human virus in transfusion recipients (mBio) 27:00 Origins of hepatitis A virus in small mammals (PNAS) 55:05 Image credit Letters read on TWiV 365 7:00, 1:20:35 This episode is sponsored by ASM Microbe, ASM Biodefense, and the 32nd Clinical Virology Symposium. (1:10, 1:18:30) Weekly Science Picks 1:36:30 Kathy - Tardigrade genome sequence (video)Alan - XKCD on Gates polio eradication siteVincent - Lifting the Impenetrable Veil by Charles Calisher Listener Picks Judi - Jennifer Doudna's Ted TalkRamon - Map of the Sky Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@twiv.tv

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Rich Condit, and Kathy Spindler Guests: Ralph Baric and Vineet Menachery Vincent, Rich, and Kathy speak with Ralph and Vineet about their research on the potential of SARS-like bat coronaviruses to infect human cells and cause disease in mice. Links for this episode Zoonotic potential of SARS-like bat viruses (Nature) SARS-CoV susceptibility loci via collaborative cross (PLoS Genetics) 47:00, 57:25 Ebright and Wain-Hobson quotes (Nature) 1:17:20 Misleading press release (UNC) 1:24:45 Super powerful SARS 2.0 (not!) (Motherboard) SARS-like bat virus can jump without mutating (not!) (Daily Mail) 1:26:30 Photo credit Letters read on TWiV 364 1:47:40 This episode is sponsored by Mt. Sinai Department of Microbiology (2:10), ASM Education (33:25), and the 32nd Clinical Virology Symposium (1:51:30) Timestamps by Jennifer. Thanks! Weekly Science Picks 1:53:00 Kathy - California Dept of Public HealthRich - Leafy greens on space stationVincent - Mechanical keyboards and TWiV on Perfect your podcast Listener Picks Jesse - Networking for Nerds by Alaina G. LevineRussell - Worldmapper Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@twiv.tv

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Alan Dove, Rich Condit, and Kathy Spindler The TWiVers reveal influenza virus replication in the ferret mammary gland and spread to a nursing infant, and selection of transmissible influenza viruses in the soft palate. Links for this episode Photos of my visit to OHSU (Facebook) 6:30 Folta departs (Facebook) 9:25 T-VEC approved for melanoma (FDA) 14:45 Talimogene laherparepvec (Wikipedia) 15:10 T-VEC phase III trial (J Clin Oncol) 17:35 How drugs are named (PopSci) 16:35 Influenza transmission in mother-child dyad (PLoS Path) 23:10 Soft palate and influenza transmission (Nature) 41:00 Blausen 0872 UpperRespiratorySystem" by BruceBlaus. When using this image in external sources it can be cited as:Blausen.com staff. "Blausen gallery 2014". Wikiversity Journal of Medicine. DOI:10.15347/wjm/2014.010. ISSN 20018762. - Own work. Licensed under CC BY 3.0 via Commons." target="_blank">Image credit Letters read on TWiV 363 1:09:30 This episode is sponsored by Mt. Sinai Department of Microbiology, ASM Education, and ASM Biodefense and Emerging Diseases Conference Timestamps by Jennifer. Thanks! Weekly Science Picks 1:29:00 Kathy - Insect gearsAlan - Bye, Bye, EbolaRich - Hedy LamarrVincent - Should we resurrect extinct species? Listener Picks Jennie - Bye, Bye, EbolaPeter - Epidemics on edX Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@twiv.tv

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Alan Dove, Rich Condit, and Kathy Spindler With their usual verve, the virus virtuosos illuminate a new method to identify all the viral nucleic acids in a sample, and regulation of viral gene expression by codon usage. Links for this episode Virome capture sequencing (mBio) 15:40 Codon usage regulates viral gene expression (PNAS) 40:00 Harold S. Ginsberg (Wikipedia) 7:15 Letters read on TWiV 362 6:50, 1:03:20 This episode is sponsored by ASM Education: ASM MOOC 5:45 Timestamps by Jennifer. Thanks! Weekly Science Picks 1:39:20 Kathy - Adam Savage, Andy Weir and Chris Hadfield talk about The MartianAlan - Project Apollo photo archive - and videoRich - Watch A Bowling Ball And Feather Falling In A VacuumDickson - California droughtVincent - Does AAAS care about Ebola anymore? Listener Picks Anonymous - Lives saved by vaccinationPaul - Science articles: A guideJudi - How a virus invades your body Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@twiv.tv

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Alan Dove, and Rich Condit The TWiVsters discuss Frederick Novy's return from retirement to recover a lost rat virus, and evidence for persistence of Ebolavirus in semen. Links for this episode Frederick Novy and the rat virus (Ann Int Med) 18:20 The rat virus (J Inf Dis) 22:55 Recovery of the rat virus (J Inf Dis) 35:20 Ebola sitrep 42:25 Meningitis in Glaswegian Ebolavirus nurse (ProMedMail, Medscape) 45:50 Sexual transmission of Ebolavirus (NEJM) 50:25 Ebolavirus RNA persistence in semen (NEJM) 1:04:25 Airplane banner falls into Hudson River (jpg) Image credit Letters read on TWiV 361 7:25, 1:13:25 This episode is sponsored by ASM Education: ASM MOOC 3:50 Weekly Science Picks 1:27:05 Alan - StickyRich - Arthur C. Clarke predicts the Internet (so did Vannevar Bush)Dickson - Nikon Small World Photomicrography winnersVincent - Pat Schloss on microbiome initiative Listener Picks Awkward Skeptic - 16 year old wins Google prize for detecting Ebolavirus Timestamps by Jennifer. Thanks! Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@twiv.tv