General James Mattis, a former U.S. Secretary of Defense and expert strategist, reflects on modern global instability, drawing parallels to the post-World War II era. He discusses the urgent need to adapt to rapid societal and technological changes while forming alliances to tackle threats. Mattis warns about the 'coalition of the malevolent' among authoritarian states and examines the evolving U.S.-India military partnership amidst rising tensions with China. He also delves into South Africa's shifting alliances and the historical implications of alternate scenarios in American history.

Radek Sikorski, Poland's foreign minister and former war correspondent, provides candid insights into global geopolitics. He discusses the precarious situation in Ukraine, highlighting the threat of nuclear escalation and examining unexpected military successes. Sikorski reflects on Poland's defense strategies amid growing threats from Russia and Belarus, while also addressing the implications of frozen Russian assets on Ukraine’s recovery. He further critiques the diminishing bipartisanship affecting U.S. support for Ukraine and emphasizes the resilience required to maintain democratic integrity in Eastern Europe.

John Bew, a professor at King's College London and a former advisor to four UK prime ministers, shares insights from his extensive historical expertise. He connects past statesmen like Castlereagh to modern foreign policy challenges. Bew discusses the complexities of grand strategy and the notable foreign policy of Clement Attlee. He reflects on navigating political turbulence during crises like the Ukraine invasion, emphasizing historical context in decision-making. The impact of COVID-19 on diplomatic norms and the legacies of historical texts further shape his analysis of current international relations.

Bill Browder, a financier and political activist, shares his harrowing journey of confronting corruption in Russia after the murder of his lawyer, Sergei Magnitsky. He discusses the creation of the Magnitsky Act, aimed at combating human rights abuses. The episode sheds light on the misuse of Interpol by authoritarian regimes and examines historical ties between military conflicts and rising approval ratings for leaders. Browder also reflects on his efforts to secure the release of those imprisoned for their activism, showcasing resilience in the face of tyranny.

Nataliya Bugayova, Non-Resident Russia Fellow at the Institute for the Study of War, shares her latest in-depth knowledge on how the Russo-Ukrainian War is going. Recorded on September 9, 2024. 

In this engaging discussion, science writer Matt Ridley, known for his book The Rational Optimist, explores the consistency of human nature and the effects of both genetics and experiences on behavior. He dives into the transformative power of innovation and trade in boosting global living standards, while also addressing concerns over protectionism. The conversation touches on the controversial origins of COVID-19 and the interplay between economic progress and inequality, all infused with insights on governance and cultural debates.

Shay Khatiri, an Iranian-born senior fellow of the Yorktown Institute, shares insights into the Tehran regime's mindset. He discusses the implications of Iran’s turbulent history, including the chilling 1988 mass executions. The podcast explores the dangerous alliances forming between Iran, China, and Russia, driven by anti-liberal sentiments. Khatiri also critiques Western strategies against Iranian influence, particularly regarding the Houthi movement and Hezbollah, while unraveling the complexities surrounding the 1953 Mossadegh coup and its lasting effects on Iran's political landscape.

The distinguished economist Paul Gregory recalls his time spent with Lee Harvey and Marina Oswald.

Robert Service, a noted historian specializing in Russian history, dives deep into the turbulent legacies of Lenin, Trotsky, and Stalin. He explores Lenin's totalitarian ideologies and his disconnect with the populace, while contrasting him with Trotsky's complex legacy. The discussion touches on the historical context influencing Russian preferences for strong leaders, the significance of Soviet archives, and the potential alternative outcomes of pivotal events like the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. His insights illuminate the intricate tapestry of Russian revolutionary history.

Nick True, former leader of the House of Lords and Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal, delves into the historical significance of governance and the evolution of the British Parliament. He discusses the changing dynamics between the House of Commons and the Lords, and the role of Anglican bishops in shaping modern politics. True shares insights on speech writing, intertwining tradition with personal expression. The conversation also explores historical literature, counterfactuals about key battles, and reexamines the legacy of Byzantium, emphasizing its enduring influence.