History of Philosophy: India, Africana, China

Uncover the philosophical gems of ancient Mesopotamia, where cuneiform writings reveal a rich intellectual tradition. Explore how Babylonian dialogues delve into existential questions, divine justice, and human suffering. Discover striking parallels with the Book of Job, highlighting themes like the quest for wisdom and the evolution of civilization. This journey sets the stage for further exploration of ideas in ancient Egyptian thought. Philosophy isn't just Greek; it has deep roots in the fertile soils of ancient cultures.

The podcast delves into the origins of philosophy, suggesting it may be as old as humanity itself. It explores Africa's role in human evolution and challenges Eurocentric views. Topics include ancient art in caves, the evolution of human intelligence, and the existence of a creator god in Africana philosophy.

Chike Jeffers and Peter Adamson kick off the new series by explaining the scope and meaning of "Africana philosophy".

Kit Patrick, host of the History of India podcast, shares his expertise in ancient Indian history and culture. He delves into the interconnections between education and philosophy, highlighting the significance of institutions like Takshila. Patrick discusses how caste influenced access to education and the fluid relationship between rulers and scholars. The conversation also touches on the philosophical layers in Indian legends, contrasting teaching methods in India and the UK, and reveals how ancient students engaged with philosophy through accessible formats.

Dive into the evolution of Indian philosophy after Dignāga, exploring key figures and transformative ideas. Discover the rich legacy of non-violence and Nagarjuna's thoughts on emptiness, connecting ancient insights to modern ethical debates. Uncover the influence of Indian traditions on epistemology and cognitive science. The discussion transitions to Africana philosophy, highlighting the importance of non-European perspectives and teasing an exploration of Ancient Egyptian thought.

Muslim scholar al-Bīrūnī and European thinkers Hume, Hegel, and Schopenhauer were influenced by ancient Indian thought. Topics include: Islamic engagement with Indian ideas, influence of Indian philosophy on European thought (particularly Buddhism on Hume), impact of Indologists on Hegel, and contrasting views of Indian philosophy by Hegel and Schopenhauer.

Explore the fascinating potential influences of Indian philosophy on ancient Greek thought. Discover the insights of Magasthenes, a Greek ambassador, and the common philosophical concepts that bridge these two civilizations. Uncover the cultural barriers that may have hindered the exchange of ideas, revealing the nuances of their intellectual interactions. Finally, delve into the connections between Greek philosophers like Pyro and Plotinus and Indian traditions, highlighting the impact of these exchanges on Western thought.

Amber Carpenter, expert in ancient Indian philosophy and literature, discusses the representation of animals in classical Indian literature and their didactic role in teaching about proper interaction. The podcast explores the concept of reincarnation and its implications for non-human animals in Indian philosophy, the ethical concept of vegetarianism and ahimsa in the Indian tradition, and the boundaries of non-violence and the ethical stance towards animals. It also discusses different perspectives on benevolence towards animals and the notion of Indian moral and ethical thought.

Dive into the rich philosophical roots of Tantra, revealing its profound practices beyond the misconceptions often held in the West. Discover Abhinavagupta's influence and how bodily engagement plays a vital role in spiritual liberation. Explore non-dual Śaivite Tantra, and its unique perspective on consciousness and reality. The episode also touches on intriguing connections between ancient Indian philosophy, animal attitudes, and their impact on reincarnation and dietary choices.

Buddhaghosa, a major figure in Buddhism, challenges the idea of a controlling self in mental activities. He compares humans to self-driving cars, explores the intricacies of conscious experience, and discusses the active engagement of the mind using vivid analogies. The podcast delves into his philosophy of mind and the importance of empathy in fostering community.