The Jain Theory of Standpoints and Perspectives

The Jain theory of standpoints suggests that various philosophical theories are true only from a certain perspective. For example, when discussing the metaphysics of universals, the Jain theory argues that both the realist and the skeptic viewpoints are correct, as they capture different aspects of reality. The Jains adopt a third standpoint that incorporates both perspectives, recognizing that reality is complex and can be understood from multiple angles. This standpoint is associated with the Jain concept of omniscience, which encompasses all standpoints. While this may seem contradictory, the Jains address this by introducing the term 'siat,' meaning conditionally or arguable, which signals that their assertions are not categorical, but depend on the perspective being considered.