The podcast explores the Jain theory of seven predications and how it addresses criticism. It delves into the complexities of truth in the Jain tradition and discusses different viewpoints on inexpressibility. The episode also examines the Jain belief in multiple standpoints and their response to the accusation of self-contradiction.
The Jain theory of standpoints incorporates multiple perspectives to understand the complexity of reality.
The Jains propose a sevenfold theory of predication to reconcile opposing philosophical positions and demonstrate the contextual nature of truth.
Deep dives
The Jain Theory of Standpoints and Perspectives
The Jain theory of standpoints suggests that various philosophical theories are true only from a certain perspective. For example, when discussing the metaphysics of universals, the Jain theory argues that both the realist and the skeptic viewpoints are correct, as they capture different aspects of reality. The Jains adopt a third standpoint that incorporates both perspectives, recognizing that reality is complex and can be understood from multiple angles. This standpoint is associated with the Jain concept of omniscience, which encompasses all standpoints. While this may seem contradictory, the Jains address this by introducing the term 'siat,' meaning conditionally or arguable, which signals that their assertions are not categorical, but depend on the perspective being considered.
The Sevenfold Theory of Predication
The Jains propose a unique sevenfold theory of predication to explain their approach to truth. This theory includes different modes of assertion, each qualified by the term 'siat.' These modes range from simple affirmations and denials to more complex combinations, such as simultaneous attribution and denial of a property. By employing this theory, the Jains aim to reconcile opposing philosophical positions. However, this has led to accusations of contradiction or inconsistency. To address this, the Jains emphasize that their sevenfold predications do not involve self-contradiction. Instead, they argue that these predications reflect different standpoints and perspectives, showing that truth can be contextual and dependent on the standpoint taken.
The Concept of Inexpressibility and Neutrality
The Jains introduce the idea of inexpressibility as a third option apart from affirmations and denials. Inexpressibility signifies the simultaneous attribution and denial of a property. However, various interpretations and explanations exist for this concept. One interpretation suggests that inexpressibility arises due to the limitations of normal language, as categorical assertions cannot capture the nuanced nature of reality. Another understanding ties inexpressibility to neutrality, where from a particular standpoint, one neither affirms nor denies a claim. This neutrality can stem from a lack of information or the inability to endorse or refute a proposition. The Jains hold that different standpoints can provide varied insights without violating the principle of non-contradiction, thus offering a means to answer philosophical questions that may remain unanswered from other perspectives.
