Dive into the intriguing clash between Mohism and Confucianism as they debate the true meaning of morality. Explore whether seeking benefits is the right path to a good life. Discover how funeral practices and governance reveal deeper ethical views. The Moists promote inclusive care for all, while Confucians hold an elitist stance. Unpack the importance of accountable leadership and the role of ordinary people in moral decisions, advocating for a blend of philosophies in our ethical approach.

Dive into the consequentialist ethics of Moism, where impartial care takes center stage. Discover thought experiments that challenge our moral duties to those far away in need. Explore how this philosophy pushes for social welfare while navigating traditional emotions tied to care. Unpack critiques from Confucianism and ponder the balance between filial piety and inclusive ethics. This engaging discussion highlights the relevance of ancient philosophies in today's moral landscape.

An introduction to the Mozi, the founding text of an anti-elitist school of thought that tests social and political practices by the measure of “benefit.”

In our final episode on classical Confucianism, our interview guest tells us about the surprising moral depth of the concept of "etiquette"

Can classical Confucianism be redeemed from its reputation for rigidly hierarchical thinking when it comes to the relationship between men and women?

Sor-Hoon Tan, a Professor at Singapore Management University and an expert in Confucianism and democracy, dives deep into the adaptation of Confucian ideas for modern democratic contexts. She explores the historical dynamics between Confucianism and democratic ideals, emphasizing the importance of community welfare over elite interests. Tan advocates for gender equality and LGBTQ rights within a reinterpreted Confucian framework. Additionally, she discusses how Confucian principles can contribute to global justice, promoting a communal approach to resource distribution.

Were Confucian ideas about Heaven, ritual, and fate driven by a religious attitude, or a naturalistic one?

Delve into the intriguing nuances of Confucian political philosophy. Discover how thinkers like Mengzi advocate idealism, while Xunzi offers pragmatic insights for managing flawed rulers. Explore the balance between order, virtue, and the delicate dynamics of authority versus legitimacy. The concept of heavenly mandate is analyzed, highlighting its role in justifying rulers and the potential for revolution. Unpack the moral responsibilities that leaders bear in navigating the complexities of human nature and governance.

In this enlightening discussion, Erica Brindley, a Professor of Asian Studies at Penn State, reveals the profound connections between music and cosmic understanding in early Confucianism. She delves into how music transcended sound, intertwining with rituals and the universe. The conversation explores the historical context of music, archaeological discoveries, and music's role in moral cultivation and societal stability. Brindley emphasizes the importance of resonance, empathy, and harmony, showcasing music's key position in Confucian philosophy.

This discussion delves into Confucian epistemology, emphasizing the importance of 'knowing how' and 'knowing to' rather than just 'knowing that.' It explores how these concepts relate to moral cultivation and practical applications in everyday life. The insights from the Analects illustrate the dynamic relationship between knowledge and ethics, challenging traditional views on understanding.